Explain How to Plan Essay Example for Free

Explain How to Plan EssayDefine the mainstay concepts and principles of mind Assessment is the way of decision and documenting that learning has taken place. It also enables you as the surveyor to identify if the learner has achieved the required competencies, skill and knowledge selected at the given point of estimate towards their qualification. Assessment need to be a regular branch built into the training program. The starting point of assessment is the pre-course information. It must be explained when assessment is taking place and what form the assessment will be in. Criteria for success must also be given. Explain the responsibilities of the assessor Attending meeting, exhibitions, award ceremonies, presentation events Carrying out(p) assessments in accordance with organisations requirements Checking the authenticity of any whiteness testimonies Completing and maintaining safe and secure records Countersigning other assessors judgements Dealing with any appeals mad e against your assessment decisions Following organisational and regulatory body proceduresIdentifying and dealing with and barriers to fair assessment Implementing internal and external verifiers action points Liaising with others involved in the assessment process Making judgements based on the assessment criteria Maintaining occupational competencies Negotiation and agreeing assessment types and methods Making best use of divers(prenominal) assessment types and methods Providing statistics to managers Reviewing learners cash advance Standardising practices with other assessors Supporting learners with special requirements Working towards relevant qualificationIdentify the regulations and requirements relevant to the assessment in your own area of practice The Health and synthetic rubber (First-Aid) Regulation 1981 Provide adequate first aid equipment, facilities and people. Health and Safety at Work (MHSW) Regulations 1999 Assess the risks on anyone who may be affected by thei r activities. The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 Duty to register and undergo vetting process if working with vulnerable groups Equality Act 2010 Non-discrimination of age, disability, gender, race, religion/belief and sexual orientation.Q2 Understand different types of assessment record Compare the strengths and limitations of a range of assessment methods with reference to the needs of individual learners ASSIGNMENT Several activities or tasks, practical or theoretical, to assess various aspects of a qualification over a period of eon. Strengths Challenges a learners potential Consolidate learning Several aspects of a qualification potty be assessed Some assignment are set with clear criteria by honor organisation Limitations Ensuring all aspects of the syllabus are covered nominate be time overpowering to prepare and assessMust be individually assessed with written feedback Assessor may be biased when marking CASE STUDY / SCENARIOS sibylline situation, a descript ion of an actual event or incomplete event, enabling learners to explore the situation. Strengths finish make topics more realistic enhancing motivation and interest merchantman be conducted individually or in a group Builds on current knowledge and experience Limitations If assessed in a group roles need to be individually assigned an personal contribution assessed Time should be allowed for a debrief Must have clear outcomes Can be time consuming to prepare and assessCHECKLISTS A list of criteria that needs to be met to confirm that competence or proceeding. Strengths Can form part of an ongoing record of achievement or profile Assessment can take place when the learner is trainy Ensures all criteria are met and records are kept Limitations Learners may lose their replicate and not remember what theyve learnt ESSAYS A formal piece of written text that has been produced by the learner for a specific topic Strengths Useful for academic subjects Can check your learners languag e and literacy skills at specific levels Limitations Not suitable for low level learnersMarking can be time consuming Plagiarism can be an issue Doesnt normally have right or wrong answer so can be difficult to grade Learners need good writing skills EXAMINATIONS A formal test that should be conducted in certain conditions. Strengths Can be Open Book, enabling learners to have books and notes with them Some learners the like the challenge of a formal examination and cope well Limitations Invigilation required Security arrangements before and after need to be in place for paper Learners may have been taught purely to pass the examination Learners may be anxiousHOMEWORK Activities carries out between sessions like answering questions on that sidereal days learning to confirm knowledge. Strengths Learners can complete at a time and pace that suits them Maintains an interest between sessions Encourages learners to stretch themselves Consolidates learning so removed Limitations Cle ar time limits must be set Learners might not do it, or get someone else to do it for them Must be read/marked and individual feedback given OBSERVATIONS Watching learners perform a skill. Strengths Enables skills to be seen in actionLearners can make mistakes enabling them to realise what theyve been doing wrong Can assess several aspects of a qualification at the same time Limitations Timing must be arranged No permanent record Questions lighten need to be asked to confirm understanding Assessor might not be objective with decision Q3 Understand how to protrude assessment Summarise key factors to consider when planning assessment Subjects can be either non-accredited (no formal certificate) or accredited (certificate issued) in which case delivery and assessments are monitored by awarding organisation to ensure guidelines are followed.Therefore before assessing- You need to be fully aware of the program and the qualification that you are assessing You must confirm relevant pol icies, requirements and qualifications of the particular subject You must know when the learners are ready to be assessed Evaluate the benefits of using a holistic approach to assessment Explain how to plan a holistic approach to assessment Explain how to minimise risks through the planning process.

Changes to Assist in Immigration Integration

Changes to Assist in in-migration IntegrationTo what extent leave behind recent and proposed changes to the immigration system assist in successful consolidation of untried immigrants?UK Immigration law has recently seen a metamorphic transition. The virgin Immigration Rules are now in full swing. It is inevitable that any system that is introduced for the number one time will either be very beneficial in the successful integration of novel immigrants or will have devastating consequences.The accounting instauration of the Points Based System (PBS) for new immigrants seeking to bring in, train or study in the UK replaces the approximate 80 routes of doing either of the above under the present regime. These Immigration categories have now been streamlined into one single immigration system.Adopting the single system provides clarity in the law and secures a carefully controlled integration of new immigrants. The system is much more straightforward in application. New immigran ts can easily ascertain whether they meet the necessary criteria for a particular visa, which will assuage them time and check wastage of costs.The PBS is divided into 5 Tiers. Tier 1 (General) took effect from June 2008.1. Tiers 2 5 have been in force since November 2008. Tier 3 has been temporarily suspended and Tier 4 aims to be incorporated by March 2009. Under each Tier, any prospective immigrant would need to score points in order to attain entry dynamic headroom. The points have been set by the Migration Advisory Committee. Instrumental to the PBS is the involvement of sponsorship2. Another change is the requirement of the entry clearance and the knowledge of the English Language.The objective of Tier 1 is aimed at Highly dexterous Workers (HSW) and the Post Study Work (PSW) schemes, which replaces the former Highly Skilled migrator Programme, (HSMP) the International Graduates Scheme, (IGS) The Fresh Talent Working in Scotland Scheme and the rules for business-people an d innovators, investors, writers, composers and artists3.This Tier has been formed in line with bringing in the, brigh mental test and the best4. This is good watchword for some workers, particularly those that do wish to enter on the PSW. The PSW allows a new worker to remain in the republic for a terminus of 2 years and will benefit from good quality training. Employers were previously reluctant to invest in resource training of new recruits who were required to leave the country after 12 months.The process under the old HSMP scheme and the new HSW scheme is very different. Points are given on a sliding exceed against requirements such as a degree qualification. The new immigrant needs a score of 75 points or more in order to qualify on the scheme and additional 10 points for the knowledge of English. There is also requirement for those that founder outside the UK that they must have a bank balance of 2,800 and those at bottom the UK must have 800.The purpose is to ensure th at the new immigrant is able to support him/herself up until the first salary is received and not be dependant upon disposal resources. This minimum financial requirement may appear to be a hindrance for those residing outside the UK.Tier 1 was questioned where foreign Doctors are concerned in the BAPIO5 case. The House of Lords held that the Department of Health guidance defeated a legitimate expectation held by Doctors in training on the previous HSMP that they would not be prevented from undertaking work. Tier 1 states that a doctor will not be able to undertake employment as a doctor in training up until entry clearance is granted. This is therefore, another procedural obstacle for a UK Immigrant.Tier 2 applies to skilled workers with a job offer and replaces the archetype of work permits completely. A skilled foreign worker will obtain 506 points and this will depend upon factors such as the person already being in skilled work as well as having an earning capacity of 24,000 or having a recognised qualification.One way for an immigrant to earn 50 points immediately will be if the UK employer in can show that they cannot fill the required skilled post with a British worker and that the job vacancy has been advertised in the UK. This leads onto the employer passing the Resident Labour Market Test, which refers to the job being in shortage occupation.Tier 2 does not include foreign qualified nurses and midwifes, launch staff of overseas owned airlines, exchange teachers, and language assistants. The list includes a wide range of professionals in the cross section of society, which does not help with the integration of new immigrants with these qualifications.In R v SSHD7 the Judge raised a concern with the new law regarding highly skilled migrants and those immigrants who have already obtained entry clearance and have not secured a job will constitute as racial discrimination. The inhabitation Office has incorporated the judgement. The previous rules wi ll apply to those UK immigrants who have been adversely concerned by the change in law. This is good news for those immigrants that fall under this category.Alongside Tier 2 is the requirement of the security department of sponsorship which has to be issued to the prospective employer. Prior to this, the Company will have to firstly be registered with the UK Border Agency so that it can obtain a sponsorship license.Skilled workers will be discouraged from coming to the UK and if an organisation is called into question, if faces losing its license and any immigrant working would be required to leave the country within a period of 28 or 60 days. The procedure of carrying out this process is set to cause serious delay to the recruitment of key immigrants and employers will risk losing assenting to a pool of talent on an international level.Tier 4 only applies to students as overseas adults. The immigrant must pass a maintenance test and produce supporting documents such as education al qualifications. The long term plan for Autumn 2009 is the emergence of the an IT system to support the student visa route. Whether the overseas adult option excludes a section of student is yet to be decided.Tier 5 is currently in existence where temporarily workers wish to flummox to the UK for primarily non-economic reasons. UK Immigrant must be awarded 30 points and savings of at least 800. This again may be difficult for some workers who only essentially work on a temporary basis.The actual criteria to meet has not considerably changed moreover what has reformed is the legal process. This will have a negative affect on those immigrants that will want to appeal against the decisions and the Asylum Immigration Tribunal(AIT). The Government has produced a consultation paper8, which proposes to revise the scope for Judicial Review, which will have the prevent the applicants right to appeal to the High Court, following a decision of the AIT.The law could deter new immigrants fro m applying and discriminates against highly skilled individuals who hold the qualifications but not the job to go with it or the financial standing . The law has already been tweaked in its initial stages that could open up the floodgates for UK immigrants to question other areas of the new law.BIBLIOGRAPHYBooks1. Clayton, G (2008) Immigration and Asylum law of nature (3rd Edition) Oxford University Press, Oxford2.Jackson, D Warr, G, Cole, J.0., Middleton, J (2008) Immigration Law and Practice, (4th Edition) Tottel PublishingJournals/ArticlesHome Office Border Immigration Agency, (2008) The grade to Citizenship near steps in reforming the Immigration SystemHome Office Border Immigration Agency (2008) Students under the Points Tier System -(Tier 4)- Implementation PlanHome Office UK Border Agency, Consultation Immigration Appeals, Fair Decisions Faster Justice, August 2008Berry, M (2007) Are your employees eligible to work in the UK?-EEF, the manufacturers organisation Broadway House Tothill roadway LondonWebsiteshttp//www.bia.homeoffice.gov.uk/http//www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199238668/ -updates on Clayton, G (2008) Immigration on Asylum Law (3rd Edition) Oxford University Press, OxfordLegislationImmigration RulesBorder Immigration Agency 2007Case LawR (on the application of BAPIO Action Ltd another) v SSHD and another 2008 UKHL 27R(on the application of HSMP Forum Ltd v SSHD 2008 EWHC 004 (Admin)Footnotes1 Application and requirement methods set out HC3212 Tier 1 is exempt from this requirement. Under Tier 5, Youth Mobility, the Government will take the role of a sponsor.3 Rule HC 6074 Home Office Border Immigration Agency, The Path to Citizenship next steps in reforming the Immigration System, February 20085 R (on the application of BAPIO Action Ltd another) v SSHD and another 2008 UKHL 276 Immigration Rules -Appendix A7 R(on the application of HSMP Forum Ltd v SSHD 2008 EWHC 004 (Admin)8 Home Office UK Border Agency, Consultation Immigration Ap peals, Fair Decisions Faster Justice, August 2008

The Topic Of Feminism And Womens Rights History Essay

The Topic Of Feminism And Womens Rights Hi level EssayNellie McClung was born Nellie Letitia Mooney, in Chatsworth, Ontario, Canada on October 20th, 1873 to a Scottish Presbyterian spawn and an Irish Methodist father. She was the youngest of six children at the age of six, she would move to Manitoba with her family. She would end up spending the duration of her life in westerly Canada. From a very young age, McClung showed an acute aw arness and interest in the issue of female equality. In her autobiography entitled Clearing in the West, McClung cites the story of attending a picnic in her hometown of Winnipeg in 1882. The city had suffered from tremendous flooding and a collapse of the real estate market, and to uplift the morale of the community, a picnic was organized. The organizers of the picnic arranged for organized sports where there would be races held for the boys. The young McClung desperately wanted to participate in the race and hoped that there would to a fault be rac es held for young girls. She stated, The whole question of girls competing in races was frowned on. Skirts would fly upward and legs would show And it was not nice for little girls, or big ones either to show their legs. I wanted to know why exclusively I was hushed up. It was that type curiosity and questioning of the status quo that marked McClungs life and would ultimately lead her to enquire female equality.As an adolescent, McClung would go on attend school for a period of v years until she was fifteen. When she was sixteen she completed her teachers training and was hired to sound in the small town of Manitou which is located in the southwest of Manitoba. Throughout her career as a teacher she would make a conscious feat to allow her female students to partake in sports alongside their male counterparts. This was an important time in her life while in Manitou she would board with the Reverend mob McClung and his wife Annie. Annie played an extremely influential role in the life of Nellie Annie McClung was the president of the local chapter of the Womens Christian Temperance Union and it was Annie who encouraged Nellie to participate in social activism. McClungs was resemblingwise influenced by her Christian faith and her love for education. It was those two influences along with the influence of Annie McClung that would ultimately lead her to associate with the Womens Christian Temperance Union.Coincidently, Annie would also become Nellies m another(prenominal) in law as Nellie would marry her son Robert Wesley McClung. . Nellie was very close to Annie and in her autobiography she stated that Annie was the only woman I retain ever seen whom I would like to have as a mother-in-law. Nellie McClung would marry Robert Wesley McClung in 1896. By all accounts they had a very successful and sweet marriage. Robert always supported Nellie and encouraged her to carry on in her struggle for female equality. They would go on to have five children.In addit ion to creation a mother and a social activist, Nellie was also a best selling author and journalist. As a young girl, her brother Will gave her a series of novels written by the great English author Charles Dickens. They quickly became her optite reading she admired Dickens as a writer and was also greatly impressed by the social critiques that Dickens wrote about. The influence that Dickens had on the life of McClung was clearly evident in her autobiography in which she stated that she wished to do for the people around me what Dickens had done for his people. I wanted to be a voice for the voiceless as he had been a withstander of the weak McClung would go on write over sixteen novels, in addition to numerous short stories and poems.What she stood for and What she AccomplishedNellie McClung embraced a number of energises including but not limited to temperance and then prohibition female equality and suffrage, the involvement of women in politics, and even the ordination of w omen in church. Even though there are many contemporary historians who criticize first wave feminists for evoking the ideology of maternal feminism, it would not be accurate to simply label McClung as only a maternal feminist. While it is true that she often evoked womans moral superiority over men she took different approaches at different times in her life, and apply some(prenominal) maternal feminism and universal equality as arguments to advance the status of women. Also, one has to keep in mind the social environment that existed at the time period. genius of the major tasks of a historian is the ability to empathize with the subject being studied. A historian has to be equal to(p) to get at the mentality and the psyche of the people or time period being studied. During the early nineteenth century, a womens rights activist could not be expected to imprecate on the principle of universal equality of the sexes to bring about the advancement of women. Also, the idea of mate rnal feminism is not unique to Canadian female activists. interchangeable tactics were used in America, Britain, and even in as distant a country as Russia.One of the earliest causes that Nellie McClung embraced was that of temperance. As has already been stated, Nellie was introduced to the cause by her mother in law Annie. Annie was the president of the local chapter of the Womens Christian Temperance Union. From a young age Nellie experienced the negative effects that alcoholic beverage had on the family. She saw numerous husbands and fathers drinking away the family wages to the detriment and neglect of their wives and children. Men would often come home in a drunk state and physically abuse their spouses and/or their children. Battered women were in a state of legal helplessness as they were considered dependants of their husbands and did not possess any billet rights. Nellie McClung began to champion the cause of temperance and eventually outright prohibition.Nellies involv ement with the Womens Christian Temperance Union eventually led to her involvement with the Political Equality League. One of Nellie McClungs most endearing qualities was that she possessed great foresight. She understood that prohibition was only part of the problem. McClung strongly believed that women needed the right to vote. She felt that without the right to vote, women lacked the political salt lick necessary to influence politicians to enact legislation that would remedy the problems of both alcohol abuse and spousal abuse. It was because of this that Nellie expanded her social activism to include not just prohibition, but also womens suffrage. McClung belonged to two different groups that both worked for womens suffrage, they included the Canadian Womens Press Club and the Political Equity League.Her most prominent opponent was the Premier Rodmond Roblin of Manitoba who, like most men in his day, felt that women did not belong in the public sphere. He even went so far as t o use the rhetoric of maternal feminists against them sayingDoes the franchise for women make the home better?My wife is bitterly opposed to woman suffrage. I have respect for my wife to a greater extent than that, I love her I am not ashamed to say so. Will anyone say that she would be better as a wife and mother because she could go and talk on the streets about local or dominion politics? I disagree. The mother that is worthy of the name and of the good affection of a good man has a hundredfold more influence in moulding and shaping public opinion round her dinner table than she would have in the marketplace.Nellie McClung and her fellow suffragettes did not lose hope. On January 27, 1914, they approached the Manitoba legislature to present their case. They were quickly rebuked by Premier Roblin, His speech was so illogical and nonsensical that Nellie was actually delighted. She continued to campaign for the womans vote. She staged a play and a mock parliament called the Womens parliament in which she showed just how illogical the position of the Premier was. She had the audition in stitches with her use of humor and sarcasm. To Nellies delight, Premier Roblin was removed from office because of an unrelated political scandal and was replaced by a Premier who was much more supportive of womens rights. Like many politicians, once in office the new Premier T.C Norris changed his position and said he could only bring in the female vote, if the suffragettes were able to demonstrate that there was sufficient support for their position. Nellie McClung responded by presenting a petition with over 40,000 signatures of her supporters. On January 27, 1916 the Bill for Enfranchisement of Women was passed and women in Manitoba were granted the right to both vote, and run for office. Nellie was also successful in her campaign for prohibition as prohibition would come into effect in the province of Alberta on July 1, 1916 as a result of a non-binding referendum or pleb iscite.Another important accomplishment for McClung was the famous Persons case. When Nellie was born in 1873 she was not a person under Canadian law. That meant that a woman possessed few legal rights and even fewer property rights. In early 1928, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the word person in section 24 of the British North America Act did not include women. Nellie McClung along with four other women who came to be known as the historied Five petitioned the government to expand the legal definition of Persons. They appealed to the Privy Council of London to overturn the ruling of the Supreme Court. On October 18, 1929 the Privy Council ruled in favor of the women and expanded the definition of Persons to include women. That allowed women to serve as members of the Senate of Canada. In 1921, Nellie McClung would go on to run for election as a member of the Liberal troupe of Alberta. She was successful in her bid, but the Liberals were defeated by the United Farmers of Alberta Party. McClung would end up serving in the Legislative Assembly for a period of five years.One aspect of Nellies social activism that is often overlooked was her support for eugenics and a broader sterilization program. Nellie was an ardent supporter of eugenics which literally means well-born. Eugenicists believed that they could purify society by instituting a process called selective breeding. Nellie McClung and other eugenicists believed that people with physical and/or mental disabilities should not be allowed to procreate and that they were not entitled to have children. Because of the misguided efforts of eugenicists such as Nellie McClung, the province of Alberta passed The Sexual Sterilization Act in 1928. Following the passing of that piece of legislation, a province-wide sterilization campaign was launched in which thousands of women were sterilized. enquiry indicates that many women who were sterilized did not even possess any genetic defects. Research also i ndicated that a disproportionate amount of teenage girls and aboriginal females were the ones who were targeted for sterilization. It was ill-fated that someone who was so involved in social activism should have such an enormous blemish tarnish her legacy. In Nellies defense, eugenics was a dominant social guess at the time, and while that may serve as a mitigating factor, it does not excuse her actions. Nellie constantly fought against the status quo and social norms, it seems unfathomable that she would support such a despicable cause.Notwithstanding Nellie McClungs shortcomings, she was a remarkable woman. She was not only a wife and mother, but she was also a journalist, a politician, and a social activist. This examine was not even able to cover the full scope of Nellies activism. In addition to fighting for prohibition, womens suffrage, and womens legal equality, Nellie was also highly involved in campaigns to improve working conditions in factories, and also in allowing th e ordination of female ministers in the church. Nellie was also a distinguished author she published numerous novels, short stories, poems and other literary works. While critics may criticize her for her evoking the ideology of maternal feminism and for her support of eugenics, one has to take into account the mentality of the time period. Nellie was a reaping of her environment, and she was undoubtedly influenced by her surroundings. Nellie McClung deserves to be remembered as one of the greatest Canadians to have ever lived.

A New Beauty Plastic Surgery Media Essay

A New Beauty Plastic operating room Media analyzeThe human desire to app pinnule attractive has been universal ever since mankind can remember. People have been facial expression for the secret of beauty and y proscribedh end-to-end history and in all parts of the world. Both men and women went through many things to perfect their beauty. Many the great unwashed consider the desire to be fine-looking as a universal let go of, still what is often everyplacelooked is that the definition of beauty is al focal points different. Beauty in a centering depends on where and when a person is. Since beauty is only a matter of what is beautiful in the eye of the beholder, it depends on one s culture and socialization. The progress in elastic cognitive operation, equivalent in near of the medical discoveries, has grown enormously for hundreds of years. It was not until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that the specialty forged ahead scientifically. Because of the awful injuries it often inflicted on its participants, war was the driving force behind around tensile performance developments during the late 1800s and early 1900s. In fact it was the war that catapulted charge card mental process into a new and higher realm. Cosmetic charge plate mathematical operation is performed in order to change one s way and opinions and ideas of it have never stopped growth as headspring.Plastic surgery is a medical specialty refer with the settleion or restoration of form and function. For some, it may mean redesigning the dead body s contour and shape, the elimination of wrinkles, or eliminating balding aras.. While famous for aesthetic surgery, plastic surgery to a fault includes many types of constructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. The invent plastic derives from the Greek plastikos meaning to mould or to shape not because of its use of plastic in any way.reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct funct ional impairments ca apply by burns traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures congenital abnormalities developmental abnormalities infection and disease and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance.The approximately common reconstructive procedures atomic number 18 tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction. gibe to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the lean of reconstructive breast reductions for women increased in 2007 by 2 percent from the year before. Breast reduction in men similarly increased in 2007 by 7 percent. Some former(a) common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. Plastic surgeons use microsurgery to transfer tissue for coverage of a defect when no local tissue is available. Free flaps of skin, muscle, bone, plummet, or a combination may be removed from the body, moved to another site on the body, and reconnected to a blood supply by suturing arteries and veins as small as 1 to 2 millimeters in diameter.Aesthetic plastic surgery involves techniques intended for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques, and is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. In 2006, nearly 11 million ornamental procedures were performed in the United States alone. The number of cosmetic procedures performed in the United States has increased over 50 percent since the start of the century. Nearly 12 million cosmetic procedures were performed in 2007, with the five most common surgeries being breast augmentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty. The increased use of cosmetic procedures crosses racial and ethnic lines in the U.S., with increases actualizen among African-Americans and Hispanic Americans as well as Caucasian Americans. In Europe, the second largest market for cosmetic procedures, cosmetic surgery is a $2.2 billion business.7Because human beings have always sought out self-fulfillment through self-improvement, plastic surgery may be one of the world s best solution for this universal problem. According to the Plastic Surgery Information Service, there is written medical evidence that cites medical treatment for facial injuries for over 4000 years. Physicians, in ancient India, were utilizing skin grafts for reconstructive work as early as 800 BC. Furtherto a greater extent, the driving force behind most plastic surgery development was to repair awful and quite in force(p) war injuries in the 1900 s. There were shattered jaws and blown off noses which required innovative restorative procedures. There was much good news to report to the Am erican people in the post war old age of the 1950.As with other argonas of science and medicine, plastic surgery discoveries were happening at break-neck speeds, often derived from innovations tested in hospitals of Korea. Cosmetic surgery took off here after mho Korea s spectacular recovery from its currency crisis a few decades ago. Rising nutrition standards allowed ever- exploitation numbers of men and women to suck the wider eyes, whiter skin and higher nose bridges that define beauty for many here. Improved looks were even seen as providing an edge in this high-pressure society s intense competition for jobs, education and marriage partners. scarce turmoil coursing through the financial world and then into the global economy has hit South Korea intemperate, as it has many middle-income countries. The downturn drove down the stock market and the currency by a third or more last year, and the resulting solicitude forced many South Koreans to change their habits. In hard ti mes, people always cut back on luxuries like eating out, jewelry and plastic surgery, said one plastic surgeon, Park Hyun, who has seen the number of his uncomplainings drop sharply. If this is a normal recession, then these desires will eventually get reignited, and our patients will come back. It is hard to measure the exact size of the industry here or the extent of the current downturn because no one keeps exact figures. From a luxury check to the wealthy a decade ago plastic surgery has become so common that an estimated 30 percent of Korean women aged 20 to 50, or some 2.4 million women, had surgical or nonsurgical cosmetic procedures last year, with many having more than one procedure. That compares with 11.7 million cosmetic procedures performed last year in the United States, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, meaning that the number of procedures in America is 4.9 times the number in South Korea, though the United States population is more t han six times larger.As the 1960 s began, plastic surgery became even more prominent in the minds of the American human race as the scope of procedures performed by surgeons increased, along with many scientific developments. A new substance, silicone, began to emerge as an important tool for doctors. Silicone was initially used to treat skin imperfections and is now overly used as a breast implant device. All parts of the human body, it seemed, could benefit from the skill of the plastic surgeon to perfect the body. Liposuction and breast augmentation are the two most frequently requested cosmetic surgery procedures. Liposuction is a process where fat is sucked out of the body while doctors insert large amounts of salt water, lidocaine, and epinephrine into tissue. These drugs reduce blood loss and forget an anestheis. Various cosmetic surgeries including the face originate, necklift, tummy tuck, and arm and thigh lift surgeries require liposuction. Plastic surgeons say that lipo suction is quite safe. But researchers write that liposuction can be fatal, perhaps in part because of lidocaine toxicity of lidocaine-related drug infections. But, there are more risks associated with this operation due to the fact that the fat and its surrounding tissues become dead tissue. If the fat become necrotic from the lack of blood supply the fat tends to turn orange in color and drain from the incision. If this is to occur, the patient must have the tissue removed immediately before an infection spreads. Many doctors entertain that liposuction is not the way to loose weight. In actuality not much fat-weight is removed within a single procedure, nor is it safe to do. This operation is meant for people who have serious weight-related heath problems and not just to lose those few last pounds. There was a time when only Hollywood stars had their own plastic surgeon. There was also a time when own a big screen TV or belonging to a health club was an transfuseive status symbo l. But this is a new century, and these days, it is not unnatural for many people to visit a plastic surgeon on occasion.As medical technologies have boomed over the early(prenominal) two decades, plastic surgery has made incredible advantages in both reconstructing accidental injuries and congenital deformities and in helping erase the marks, wrinkles and sags of encroaching age. Whether it is infantile fixation a portion of the body to make it look normal or improving the normal features of the body to make it look even more esthetically pleasing, the goal of the plastic surgeon is to help the patients to look and feel good near him or herself. It has seen an amazing growth in popularity in recent years. These days men and women discuss having nose jobs, facelifts, and tummy tucks as if it was normal all(prenominal)day activity. More importantly there is a rather disturbing underlying issue among us Why is our society conducting such surgery in the first place? It seems now as we turn through an issue of almost every magazine we see beautiful men and women all with perfect bodies and flawless faces. The issue over Americas poor self esteem and body image explains wherefore so many people are having such cosmetic surgeries they simple do not live up to society s so-called standards. According to an article published by Today, as any good plastic surgeon will stress, plastic surgery shouldn t be done to impress others but to make you feel good just about yourself. More and more people are use cosmetic surgery to improve their self-image rather that other more healthy methods to improve body image or lose weight. Instead of advertising cosmetic surgery as the simple and practical way to become beautiful, our society makes to focus on reality.Todays advertisements constantly remind us that wrinkles are now not only un welcome signs of maturation, but are rather simple manifestations that can be prevented and corrected. It seems that this millenniums fou ntain of youth is technological and restores youthful appearance with scientific and medical know-how. Statistics show that use of such age-defying measures is growing each year among women and men. Over the course of the twentieth century, improvements in sanitation, healthcare, and nutrition dramatically increased the average lifespan in the United States. At present, it is for the most part taken for granted that an averageAmerican will live beyond the middle years. Americans no longer focus simply on living longer we requisite to live better, look better as we age. Science, medicine, and other fields aim to make this goal possible by slowing our biologic clocks, fighting the diseases of age, and restoring our sense of youth. Many gerontologists and related practitioners now focus on positive aging rather than ugly concept emphasizing the problems of aging, with the goal of providing preference representations of later life and challenging against stereotypes. Indeed, many for ces are currently working to alter the experience and image of aging in order to improve what aging feels like as well as what aging looks like.Plastic surgery possesses a longer history than nonsurgical anti-aging procedures, dating back to the Renaissance at least. Initial increases in plastic surgery were primarily due to the epidemic of syphilis that occurred in Europe in the late seventeenth and early ordinal centuries. In twentieth-century America, wartime doctors used cosmetic surgery to remove the marks of battle and allow veterans to pass as the everyday citizens they had been. This practice provided legitimacy to and invoked widespread following in the benefits of cosmetic surgery.What began as a situational medical procedure has since become a mass marketed, profit-driven industry. Todays recipients of plastic surgery undergo the procedures to pass as more sexy, fit, and desirable. In the case of and-aging surgeries, however, individuals alter their appearance topass as younger than they are, though of course they can never actually become younger or effect a reversal of the calendar. Many critics argue that recipients of and-aging surgery rarely succeed in passing anyway?they wind up looking spiritual rather than young. Still, statistics show that reducing the signs of aging through cosmetic surgery has become an increasingly popular and profitable. Americans spend near $12.5 billion on cosmetic procedures in 2004 (American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2004). Of these procedures, two of the top five surgeries in each gender group specifically targeted signs of aging eyelid surgery and facelift for women, eyelid surgery and hair transplantation for men. People ages 35-50 underwent 45 percent of total procedures, those 51-64 underwent 25 percent (ASAPS, 2004). It seems that many aging Americans believe that looking younger is looking better, and they hope to improve their self-image and enjoy more favorable social outcomes through surgic al alteration. Here, surgery passes for self improvement and a practicable step in the American pursuit of happiness.Why do so many Americans feel the need to retain youthful appearances? Changes in economicand employment patterns, the overture of image-based media (TV, film, ads), and the growing significance of consumer identities each contributes to a cultural desire for youth and to negative feelings toward old age.In a capitalist culture, reflecting a youthful, vital appearance may enable workers to be identified as desirable employees and to retain their corporate value (and jobs) a little longer. Images in the media compound this perceived need to reflect youth. In the case of women, it does not require deep analysis to notice that young models and actresses outnumbermiddle-aged and older models and actresses in popular media. video recording and film content is filled with women in their 20s and 30s blessed with beauty and romantic opportunities. Representations in lifes tyle and beauty advertisements also could lead one to believe that women over the age of 40 have less of a social and romantic life and are not a part of the definition of beauty. In the past few years, talk of plastic surgery has left the privacy of the physicians office and entered the public domain. Celebrities now openly discuss procedures they have undergone. Entire television serial exist around the drug-addicted of aesthetic procedures including ABCS Extreme Makeover and FiCs Nip/Tuck. Popular networks FOX, Vhi, E, TLC, and MTV also air programs dedicated to the subject. So-called reality-based programs attempt to provide viewers with a glimpse of real people like themselves undergoing plastic surgery and suggest that anyone can do it. With increased representations of aesthetic enhancements and new images of aging, the cultural climate has changed. Looking young is looking good, and technologically or surgically achieving a younger look is socially acceptable. Under such c ultural conditions, who would want to look old, and why should one not use the technologies available to enhance his or her aging appearance?Americans do not always trust the messages of the media, but they do trust the opinions and recommendations of their healthcare providers. Physicians could tell older people that they look just fine, that a change in appearance with aging is normal and acceptable and to go home. But if they do, they may disappoint their patients or, more personally, sacrifice profit from out-of-pocket procedures and product sales. Some physicians contend that if they can help a patient feel better through aesthetic changes, it is just cause and falls within their job description. In this view, feeling better about aging is hence aging positively, and this is the ultimate goal?even if it means changing what aging looks like.Plastic surgery has been, and always will continue to be, a controversial subject in many ways. Plastic surgery has become increasingly com mon today for a variety of reasons, and countless individuals are consulting cosmetic surgeons with the hopes of looking the way they have always dreamed of looking. Reconstructive surgery is a wonderful gift to those born with birth defects, or those scarred or maimed by an accident of some sort. Today however, the increasing trend of plastic surgery is leaning toward the cosmetic factor. Plastic, cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries all have an important psychological dimension in the U.S. Many people in Western societies place a great deal of importance on physical importance. Plastic surgery can effect an individual s emotional state tremendously. It is easy to have the breasts you want, to have smoother skin, to have extra fat removed from your substantiate and thighs, and to have numerous other body parts augmented or amended. The physical effects of plastic surgery are truly amazing. Many people claim that their lives have changed for the better because of cosmetic surgical enhancements. These enhancements have restored their confidence and created a brand new self-image for them. They actually feel better, and doesn t that make it expense it? There are drawbacks, however. While reconstructive surgery gives people the chance to look what is deemed normal again, doesn t cosmetic surgery teach us that, for the most part, looks are the most important physical aspect in our society? From this aspect, the emotional effects of plastic surgery on society can be harrowing. What do you see when you look in the mirror? Do you see yourself or do you see the results of modern day surgery? Plastic surgery has given people the opportunity to change their entire appearance, and has taken the word makeover to a whole new height. It seems that everywhere you go people are using plastic surgery to change their physical appearance. Although this may sound great, the truth behind all the hype isnt so wonderful. Many of the unfortunate few that see the downsides of plast ic surgery can not do anything to fix their situation.Besides looking at the defects that plastic surgery can cause physically, you must also examine the defects of it from a moral aspect. Do you believe that it is morally right to change the body that God gave you, and to transform that into something youre not? One of the great things about the human race is that there is no one person exactly like yourself, so why do you want to throw away your skill to be who you are, to be someone your not? Finally, the most common reason to go through with this procedure is to make yourself look good, and to try to make others like you. The truth of the matter, however, is that if someone only likes you because of you bought appearance then they dont actually like you, they merely like the results of present day plastic surgery. Instead of worrying about your outside appearance you should concern yourself more with what you are like on the inside rather than what you are like on the outside. Even though plastic surgery may make you look good physically, you cant put a price on true beauty, the beauty that comes from within.

The Relationship Between Social Class and Educational Achievement Essay

The Relationship Between Social Class and Educational work Many sociologists have tried to explore the link between mixer class and educational achievement, measuring the effects of one element upon the other. In secernate to maintain a definite correlation between the two, there are a number of views, explanations, social statistics and perspectives which must be taken into account. The initial image would be to define the key terms which are associated with how social class affects educational achievement. Social class is the identity of people, according to the work they do and the companionship in which they live in.Educational achievement is the tendency for close to groups to do better or worse in terms of educational success. Research reveals that the high the social class, the higher the levels of educational achievement are likely to be. The children of parents in higher social classes are more likely to stay on in post compulsory educatio n, more likely to achieve examination passes when at school, and more likely to gain university entrance. These features painted a true picture of British education in the twentieth century and can be argued to follow this trend today. However, whether there has been any reduction in the inequalities is more debatable, but some research suggests that these inequalities are as great as ever, despite the overall improvements within the education system. Many researchers argue that IQ tests are biased in favour of the middle class, since members of this group largely construct them. If it is accepted that social classes and other groups have distinctive subcultures and that this affe... ... to reject school and school values (such as academic success). This has its roots outside of school in the nature of the fathers and elder brothers in manual work. They look up to these figures and see school as sissyish, un-masculine, unlike the real masculine work tha t their fathers, brothers etc do. Overall, in conclusion there can be no definite correlation identified between social class and educational achievement in that there is much research into this and many sociologists suggest their own theories, and have yet not decided whether there is a link or not. However, there does seem to be correlation of some kind as sociologists either favour it or not. It can be still said that the main relationship between these factors is the higher the social class the more likely the pupil is going to succeed.

The Relationship Between God and Evil Essay -- Christian God and Evil

hellish exists. This bizarre conundrum has perplexed philosophers since the dawn of civilization, and remains in live(a) debate today because of the theological implications inherent in the statement. To many on this planet, the source of life is an all-loving, all-powerful, omniscient deity who shitd the universe and all the laws therein in seven days, as described in the Bible. And yet still, evil exists. How can these two premises be simultaneously true? Surely, an all-loving god would want to do something about this problem, and an all-powerful god could absolutely remedy a situation if it so desired. It seems as though the common perception of the Bibles god is inaccurate. However, it could be argued that the Bibles god is accurate, and that said perception is somewhat skewed, considering that on numerous occasions, God claims responsibility for evil. I make peace and create evil. I the Lord do all these things. (Isaiah 457). The Greek philosopher Epicurus put the well-gro unded Gods Evil puzzle in a genuinely clear logical progressionIs God willing to prevent evil, that is not up to(p)?Then he is not omnipotentIs he able, but not willing?Then he is malevolentIs he both able & willing?Then whence cometh evil?Is he neither able nor willing?Then why call him God?Of course, this doesnt truly disprove the biblical God, but it certainly puts it into perspective. According to Christian doctrine, God brocaded His Son, Jesus, from the dead. This seemingly impossible feat proves, in the minds of believers, that their god is capable of anything. But as indicated by Epicurus, the monumental roadblock of suffering hinders this leap of faith. For example, if God increase Jesus from the dead and thus intervened in the ... ...lized by God, Dr. Roths Divine Dichotomy of the Christian God is now comparable to the duality of the Eastern yin-yang. Good and Evil are clearly inherent in the universe, and are inevitably built into the fabric of all models of the Div ine.Works CitedJames, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. New York Simon & Schuster Inc, 1902. Laertius, Diogenes, and C, D Yonge. The Lives And Opinions Of tall Philosophers. City Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006Mackie, John L. Evil and Omnipotence. Mind ns 64.254 (1955) 200-12. Http//www.ditext.com. Web. 20 Nov. 2015.Peterson, Michael. Toward a Theodicy for Our Day. Evil and the Christian God. Grand Rapids, MI Baker Book House, 1982.Roth, John K. A Theodicy of Protest. Encountering Evil Live options in Theodicy. Ed. Stephen T. Davis. Atlanta John Knox Press, 1981.

congressional reconstruction- civil war :: essays research papers

The governments established under Congressional Reconstruction made notable and lasting achievements. One positive outcome that resulted was the Civil Rights piece of 1866, which extended citizenship to African Americans and listed certain pays of all(prenominal) citizens such as the right to own property, bring lawsuits, and testify in court. Another major outcome was the 15th Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying the right to vote because of a persons race or because a person had been a slave. This finally granted African Americans the right to vote and marked an important change in the history of our country. A negative outcome resulted politically from congressional Reconstruction. Many of the federal laws concerning reconstruction take to the strengthening of the federal government at the expense of the states. These new laws often placed significant restrictions on state actions on the ground that the rights of national citizenship took antecedency over the powers of state governments leading to an increase in sectional bitterness, an intensification of the racial issue, and the development of one-party politics in the South. Stemming from this infringement of states rights and intensified by the election of 1868 was another negative outcome. Fierce activities were stirred up by groups such as the KKK- violence became prominent, and terrorists and mobs attacked many people- mostly Republicans and blacks. The end of slavery brought new expectations for all African Americans, whether they had been slaves or not. Taking advantage of the new choices that freedom opened, they tried to create independent lives for themselves, and they developed social institutions that helped to define black communities. African Americans in addition expected political and economic equality. Few were able to acquire land of their own- a significant constraint on their economic choices- and most became either profit laborers or sharecroppers. Having no lan d, no tools, and no money, the freed slaves had only their personal labor to sell.