Understanding the concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding the concepts - Essay Example The ideal ratio is 2:1. Inventory turnover ratio = cost of goods sold/ average inventory. It will be compared between firms to check the efficiency in inventory management. High inventory turnover ratio indicates sound inventory management. Return on capital employed = (profit before interest and tax/average capital employed)*100. It will be compared to check how much return the firms are earning in respect of the gross resources been deployed in the firm (Bull, 2007). 2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of debt financing and why an organization would choose to issue stocks rather than bonds to generate funds. Ans. The primary advantage of debt financing is its allowing the founders to retain control and ownership of company. In contrast to equity financing, it enables the entrepreneurs to make key strategic decisions and to reinvest and keep more company profits. It also provides small business owners the greater degree of financial freedom than equity financing. Debt obliga tions are limited to the period of loan repayment after which no further claim can be made by the lender on the business. The main disadvantage of debt financing is its requiring the small business to make monthly payments of interest and principal regularly. Most lenders provide severe penalties for missed or late payments including charging of late fees, calling early the due loans and collateral possession. Failure to pay on loan can affect adversely the credit rating of small business and its ability of obtaining future financing. Also it will be difficult to obtain loans for unproven businesses since lenders seek security for their funds (Creamer, et al., 1960). An advantage of stock over bond are-One of the major advantage of stock is its unlimited potential. There is no ceiling on investment in buying stocks. The stock price can double, triple or may get multiplied. Stocks tend to have better performance over bonds in case of long term investment. Money may be lost in some ye ars for wide fluctuation in stock market but it will give better return to investors in long term. Trading with stocks facilitate transaction. 3. Discuss how financial returns are related to risk. Ans. Gain or loss from investment is derived from the relation between financial risk and return. If an investor invests in securities having low risk then it will have a small return. If the risk factor associated with security is high then investor could have the potential to earn high returns. The balance between highest possible return and lowest possible risk is given by the risk/return trade-off. A standard deviation indicates higher risk with higher possible return. 4. Describe the concept of beta and how it is used. Ans. Beta can be defined as the measure of volatility or systematic risk of portfolio or security as compared to market as a whole. It is the tendency of return on a security in respond to market swings. Beta is used in capital asset pricing model (CAPM) which calculate s expected return of an asset on the basis of its beta value and expected market returns using regression analysis. Beta is otherwise known as beta coefficient. Beta equals to one indicates movement of security’s price with market movement. Beta less than one indicate security will be less volatile

The nature and nurture debate Essay Example for Free

The nature and nurture debate Essay Development in children: At meantime, Nurture refers to the environment that we are surrounded by. We also have evidence shown a significant impact on the influence to a child from its parents or other family members. For instance, a child who is grow up in an emotional sensitivity family is more likely to accept the same values than who was grow up in a suppress family environment. For all these reasons, we cannot disaffirm that nurture also play an important role in humans emotional development. Children need to be nurtured: they need love and support from parents, siblings, extended family, teachers, peers, and other people important in their lives. Children can be greatly affected by how these important people nurture them. Other elements of nurture include a childs economic and sociocultural environments. Poverty, malnutrition, and a lack of adequate medical care can alter a childs developmental path. Cultural heritage and diversity can enrich a childs life, and the neighbourhood where the child lives can determine the schools and peer groups that a child will have.Nature relates to biological and chemical properties of the human being. Sometimes, the short of or high levels of some specific hormone can markedly affect our emotional development. For instance, we have lots of studies shown that a high level of testosterone can let someones character become more courageous and aggressive, where else extreme amounts of estrogen will lead to a sensitivity and emotional character. All of these are an approach to nature affect the development of emotion. Relationships are the way babies come to know the world and their place in it. They provide the loving context necessary to comfort, protect, encourage, and offer a buffer against stressful times. It is through relationships that young children develop social emotional wellness, which includes the ability to form satisfying relationships with others, play, communicate, learn, face challenges, and experience emotions. In addition, nurturing relationships are crucial for the development of trust, empathy, compassion, generosity, and conscience. Parents are the keys to intellectual development for almost all children in the care and education they provide and arrange. â€Å"Many research studies underscore the links between parental involvement and young childrens intelligence† (nature vs. nurture, 19/11/2014). By the time a child turns two, many of the intellectual foundations will have been laid to support a lifetime of learning. A childs intelligence is being shaped, challenged, and expressed every day by experiences with people, objects, and events, especially when they are an active participant. These experiences are the raw ingredients of intelligence. In traditional society most parents encourage their kids to take part in extracurricular activities like learning music, dance or sports in accordance with the child’s talents and interests. The talents have been given by nature but they can only be developed into skills through the hard work of nurture. Development in adulthood: Their development is affected to make social skills as well as meet new people to socialize with this will affect them later on in life, getting into relationships as well as socializing with individuals at work places etc. Nurture Effects Physical development there are several of physical effects of nurture on adolescence. A number of them tend to follow their friends for instance, if they see their friends taking drugs they get influenced and end up doing the same. The physical effects of drugs, smoking, alcohol etc. are; respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart diseases, dry skin etc. Intellectual development a consequence on adolescence through nature reduces their thinking level. Their capability to reflect logically reduces. Smoking as well as drinking throughout adolescent years does tend to have an effect on the brain which does affect their understanding enormously. For instance, smoking decreases mental ability as oxygen supply also decreases. Therefore they do also tend to have lack of concentration this is caused by their attention span it goes lower and all this is caused by smoking. Some smokers that are addicted to the substances end up having a slow brain and this affects their thinking, speech as well as communication speed, as the brain is still developing at this stage smoking as well as taking other drugs can easily cause mental  health issues for instance, poor decision-making skills, Environmental factors involve many dimensions. They include both physical environments and social environments (such as the neighbourhood, media and peer pressure.) Also, environmental factors have different levels of impact on human development as they involve multiple layers of action, ranging from most immediate families, friends, and neighbourhoods) to bigger societal contexts (school systems and local governments) as well as macro factors such as politics on the international level or say global warming. These layers are also impacted by other factors outside them. Exposed to not just peer pressure from their peers but also to parental ideals, community standards or ethnic views. Nature is responsible for the growth of a person from the foetus level until development into a normal adult. The genetic makeup of a human being is responsible for their sex, skin colour, colour of their eyes and hair as well as distinguishing features which are inherited. Nature can only assist in the growth of a foetus into a normal well-develope d adult who may have inherited some special talents. Thus it can be concluded that nature uses the genetic coding to help in physical development and does impart some positive or negative traits to an individual However, it is nurture which can be utilized to improve positive traits and diminish the effect of negative traits in a child.† Several recent studies carried out on infant and child behaviour have shown that there is significant evidence to support the fact that nurture strongly influences human development especially in the early years.†(how does nature and nurture influence human development, 19/11/2014) â€Å"Young adults score higher on tests of fluid intelligence†(23/11/2014), which is the ability to think abstractly and deal with novel situations, while middle adults improve over time on tests of crystallized intelligence, which involves using learned information collected throughout a life span. In summary, the results of traditional IQ tests imply that intelligence continues at approximately the same level at least into middle adulthood, and probably beyond. Middle†age adult thinking differs significantly from that of adolescents and young adults. Adults are typically more focused in specific directions, having gained insight and understanding from life events that adolescents and young adults have not yet experienced. No longer viewing the world from an absolute and fixed perspective, middle adults have learned how to make compromises, question  the establishment, and work through disputes. Younger people, on the hand, may still look for definitive answers. Many middle†age adults have attained Piagets stage of formal operations, which is characterized by the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and solve theoretical problems. Many of the situations facing adults today require something more than formal operations. That is, the uncertain areas of life may pose problems too ambiguous and inconsistent for such straightforward thinking styles. Instead, middle adults may develop and employ post formal thinking, which is characterized by the objective use of practical common sense to deal with unclear problems. An example of post formal thinking is the middle adult who knows from experience how to manoeuvre through rules and regulations and play the system at the office. Another example is the middle adult who accepts the reality of contradictions in his or her religion, as opposed to the adolescent who expects a concrete truth in an infallible set of religious doctrines and rules. Post formal thinking begins late in adolescence and culminates in the practical wisdom so often associated with older adulthood. â€Å"Scholars have long studied twins to address the nature nurture question. Identical twins separated at birth and brought up in separate environments provide the ideal test cases, but such cases are exceedingly difficult to find†(traditional twin studies,2014). Instead, most researchers study twins who have grown up together and carefully compare the experiences of identical twins to those of fraternal twins. Since identical twins are monozygotic, developed from a single sper m fertilizing a single egg, which then divides into two separate cell masses within the first two weeks of development, these twins are essentially clones. Fraternal twins, on the other hand, are dizygotic, developed when two eggs are each separately fertilized by different sperm. Identical twins fraternal twins have, on average, half their genes in common, as do any two full siblings. Comparing identical and fraternal twins enables researchers to separate genetic from environmental influences without measuring genes directly. If a physical or behavioural trait, like hair colour or success at math, is shared more often by identical twins than by fraternal twins, researchers reason, genes must have played a role in developing the trait. Twin and related studies provide most of the evidence that Genes determine human traits and behaviours. For example, schizophrenia runs in families. Twin  studies show that when one twin in an identical pair suffers from schizophrenia, the chance that the other twin will be schizophrenic is about one in two; it is only one in six for fraternal twins. This gap is evidence for the existence of a genetic tendency toward schizophrenia. Similar evidence suggests that genes influence such traits and behaviours as height, weight, manic-depressive psychosis, alcoholism, and cognitive development, reading skills, parenting style, rate of accident occurrence in childhood, television-viewing habits, peer-group selection, and timing of first sexual intercourse, marital disruption, and educational and economic attainment. Traditional twin study designs rely on two assumptions, both of which have prompted criticism. First, the equal environments assumption states that the environments of identical twins are no more similar than the environments of fraternal twins. However, if the experiences of identical twins are more similar, genetic influences would be overestimated. Critics note that identical twins tend to be treated more alike than fraternal twins and suspect that this greater environmental Similarity may explain the greater trait similarity of identical twins. For example, identical twins are probably more often dressed alike than fraternal twins. If being treated identically, in dressing for instance, makes identical twins more similar than fraternal twins, we could mistakenly attribute effects to genes that are really due to differences in treatment. Maturation theory: â€Å"Basically, this theory maintains that children mature as they grow older and personalities and temperament will be reveals with little influence from the surrounding environment† (children’s medical services,(23/11/2014) . Through his research, Arnold Gesell developed some of the first milestones that children should meet. These milestones are called the Gesell developmental schedules. This was the beginning on the idea that children development happens in stages. The Gesell developmental schedule was able to compare a children’s development to the standard norm. The norm was established through extensive studies of children. The schedule is supposed to be able to give a measure of possible intelligence. Children who how early development were likely to have high intelligence according to schedule. The schedule has fallen out of favour in regards to studying intelligence over  the years. There is not enough proof to show that the schedules accurately measure intelligence over the years. The scale is used to this day to measure an infant’s intellectual development in which the infant may have developmental issues. The Arnolds Gesell theory of a child development also has roots in the study of evolution of genetics. Arnold Gesell believed that child development was mostly biological, not environmental. According to Gesell, a stable environment is important to a child, but only so that they can develop naturally according to their genetics. This idea that children develop only according to their biology is called the Gesell maturational theory. According to Gesell’s maturation theory, a child or teenager will develop only according to what they have programmed in their genetics. A stable, nurturing environment helps this along by encouraging growth, much as fertile soil helps a plant grow and develop. References: Nature vs. nurture,(19/11/2014) How much influence do you have on your baby’s intelligence, available at: http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=1044 (accessed: 19/11/2014) How nature and nurture influence human development,(19/11/14) the ongoing debate, available at : http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/110288.aspx (accessed:19/11/14) Traditional twin studies, (21,11,2014) twin studies ,what can they tell us about nature/nurture? Available at: http://www.unc.edu/~gguo/papers/05%20twin%20studies%20Contexts.pdf (accessed:23/11/2014) Intellectual development : age 45-65, (14/11/2014) available at: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/development-psychology/physical-cognitive-development-4565/intellectual-development-age-4565 (accessed : 23/11/2014)

Trip to Florida :: essays research papers

It's hard to decide which entertainment to see near Orlando, Florida first.Universal has a lot for kids, Spiderman, Cat in the Hat, Popeye water rides, some of the rides you can only go on with a child so this was the first time I got to ride them with my sister's kids. I guarantee you will want to come back. This was my first time at SeaWorld and it was a lot to see in 1 day, luckily we had the second day free to spend more time, and I still didn't see it all. It is good if kids like to see animals (like zoos and aquariums) and touch and feed them (dolphins and stingrays and sea lions) and watch shows. WDW is actually 4 parks and it is impossible to see in just 1 day. Magic Kingdom has the classic rides (Space Mountain, Haunted Mansion, Pirates of Carribean, etc) mostly slow (but sometimes dark & scary) for kids and adults. Epcot has different countries represented, but not many rides, except the new one "Mission Space" (more for adults); not as entertaining as MK. MGM has a good selection of rides for kids and shows and a couple adult rides (Rock-n-roll coaster, Tower of terror); my first time there was 2 years ago and it was fun but not as much fun as MK. Animal Kingdom is "nahtazu" (not a zoo) but had few rides for kids and adults (safari, dinosaur); it was as interesting as a zoo, but not as fun as MK. They also have water parks if you go in summer, and a racetrac/sports park, I've never been to yet. Obviously my favorite is Magic Kingdom. I definitely wouldn't go to Orlando without spending time at Universal/IOA too, I love Jurassic Park ride, and Back to the future ride, and ET ride, and new Mummy ride, and Men in black ride. (They're rides are related to movies or TV) I went to Busch Gardens years ago, but my sister said they improved it a lot. It's not just flowers and plants, it has lots for kids to ride too (more like fair rides).

Rice dishes Essay

The famed George Bernard Shaw once proclaimed â€Å"There is no love sincerer than the love of food. † I couldn’t agree more. I, myself, am something of a food enthusiast. And my favorite food is biryani. You just cannot go wrong with it. You just cannot. Even the most critical and picky individuals cannot resist indulging themselves when it takes â€Å"center stage† on the dinner table. Biryani is the name and stuffing one’s face is the game. Biryani is, by far, my most favorite dish. I can’t emphasize that enough. And those who aren’t exactly on the same page as me or aren’t even familiar with the book I am so fixated upon â€Å"oughtta† be ashamed of themselves. But that’s alright I guess, as I will take some precious time from my schedule to shed some revealing light to the â€Å"underprivileged. † Biryani has everything. It has great taste, a unique taste, a variety of taste, it even smells great, it’s better than anything you can or want to compare it to, and you should most definitely eat it every day. This is an ode to biryani. Biryani originated from the Indian subcontinent and spread to a few countries in the surrounding areas. As a result different variations of the dish sprung about. All the variations of the dish taste pretty great in their own right. That’s miracle number one. The dish is so beautiful that even when made with a few slip-ups it turns out not only edible but quite tasty. You can only say that about a few other dishes, if any at all. But the biryani that will make any reader of this salivate and have hunger pains originated in the state of AP [abbreviated] in India. There exists a city in this state that we call Hyderabad and the biryani there†¦well let’s just keep it simple and say when I first had the biryani from there I thought I passed away and ended up just short of heaven. But I was okay with it because it was absolutely delicious. I’ll admit that I am a tad bit biased with regards to the biryani from Hyderabad due to it being the place of my birth and my parents’. [From now on, I am referring to Hyderabadi biryani when I write biryani unless stated otherwise] Just a touch though I assure you. Let’s get a move on shall we? Biryani is a rice dish. You add a ton of Indian spices as well as vegetables such as mint, and pepper, etc. Then you can either opt to with chicken, seafood, or beef/veal. You can’t go wrong with either. Then you can add plain yogurt with vegetables amongst other things or you can use specific eggplant gravy. They both complement the biryani really well so there are no losers here. The smell will arouse your nose once it is done cooking and sometimes if you cook it well the arousal will begin while the dish is in the cooking process. When you are eating, your tongue will feel as your body does and some unspecified parts do when you make love to the person of your dreams. It is that good! The dish encompasses every great taste that was created and you’ll see, smell, and taste what sets it apart from absolutely any other food in this world. It’s spicy but just the right amount. And you can adjust it based on your spice standard. I promise you won’t need to. It’s a bit tangy but not too much. The only word that does it even a minuscule amount of justice is refreshing. I cannot do disservice to the dish by describing it any other way. If dishes were creatures, every dish other than biryani would be human, plant or animal and biryani would be a superior extra-terrestrial or the God of all dishes. Understood? I was directed to compose this paragraph with the objective of describing the taste and smell. UI thought about it hard and long and I decided that I would describe it by writing about how it made me feel and using comparisons and parallels simply because there is no way to describe biryani. I discussed the process so as to give an idea of what the ingredients combined would taste like, But I’m helpless if was to try to define it further. Biryani tastes like †¦.. [Fill in the blanks with all your personal taste preferences except for sweet]. Biryani is king! There are many similar foods in terms of appearance and texture characteristics simply due to the fact that biryani’s base product is plain white rice. But to me the only real competition biryani has if we are talking about taste is stirred fried rice with shrimps and even that doesn’t stand a chance. So imagine stirred fried rice but like 10-15 times better realistically speaking. Biryani is better because it has all the tastes that stirred fried rice has and more. Stir fry is like the Neanderthal while biryani is the homo-sapien. It’s like an evolution. Imagine that. How much more improved is the homo-sapien than the Neanderthal? Calculate accordingly how much better biryani is than stirred fried rice. And if stirred fried rice is that far behind all these other foods are†¦you get the idea. Everything in terms of taste is enhanced while there are more desirable features added. Biryani is healthier too. You can make it with white, red, or sea food meat. More variety? Check. You cannot make stir fry without citric acid and large amounts of vinegar. And sure it tastes pretty great, have some health benefits, and help you give the proper amount of protein or whatever it maybe but it won’t give you nearly all of what you need. It is highly probable that its harms outweigh its benefits. Be ready for heart burns and heart attacks. I apologize for the brashness. Biryani is king and stirred fried rice is a prince, and hardly that. While eating stirred fried rice, you’ll think to yourself â€Å"Man this needs more salt, spice. It would be perfect if the meat were more cooked, left to thaw more. This, that and a third and etc. If only it †¦ † Well those needs and ifs add up to make a majestic dish called biryani. The impossible simply becomes biryani: so much better than stirred fried rice and all the other dishes don’t even compare. â€Å"How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth,† said Sherlock Holmes. He was talking about biryani. You just lost your job. You get home and all your cats passed away. No girl/guy likes you. And while you go outside to get some supplies your house burns down. Fu@#! No worries. All you have to do is get some biryani and it’ll almost be like you passed away and ended up right underneath heaven. So if your days are any less stressful than the one described than you have no right to complain unless you still feel down after indulging in some biryani. And if you still feel down, you probably have no hope. Yup biryani is that damn good man. That’s why you, I, and everyone SHOULD eat it every day. It’ll make the worst of one’s days into solid ones and cheer one up after a brutal day in the lab. It is also quite healthy. It is not unhealthy unless you have an unhealthy fetish of an ingredient, whether it be you loving green peppers or salt. It’s all about moderation. Other foods when cooked with moderation of ingredients end up being a little too this or a little too that. Biryani works baby. It provides crabs, protein, lipids, and even vitamins such as vitamin c and d. Biryani can be found in many places especially in Chicago where there is a dense sub-continental population. There are also several ready-made mixes where you just cook with a plain rice, and get a solid biryani product. Time is of the essence and you won’t need to spend hours in the kitchen. Cooking it, whether from a ready-made mix packet or from scratch, is not very time consuming. Numerous benefits and an absence of side effects. Sounds lovely doesn’t it? Why not eat healthy, pleasurably, tasty, and without too much preparation? There are never losers with biryani. Biryani is king! All in all, biryani is my most beloved and favorite dish. And as I said before, I am a food enthusiast, so my tongue has been around. I know taste. Whether you eat to live or live to eat, biryani is the way to go. It tastes like Zeus’s dinner, is so much better than stirred fried rice and better than anything Paula Deen can cook, and should be eaten every day for any food reason one can possibly think of. Side effects are nonexistence while the benefits are numerous like the members of the feline family. So head to Devon Ave [Little India] and Hyderabad House and grab yourself a few plates. And remember biryani is king!

Literature from or about world war Essay

By comparing the extracts from testament of youth, the ghost road and Binyon’s for the fallen and referring to your wider reading examine how typical in both style and treatment of subject matter these writings are of literature from or about world war one. Timing has a significant effect when war literature is written as does whether the source was a first hand account or a work written from others sources. Laurence Binyon wrote ‘For the Fallen’ in 1914 when war had just broke out and at this time people were joyous and glad of the excitement of war, Binyon reflects this view as he personifies England as a ‘mother for her children’ describing England as a caring character unwillingly sending her children to their deaths for ‘the cause of the free’. This patriotism and duty seen by ‘death august and royal’ were wide spread, and although there were deaths the full extent of the trench warfare horrors had been censored, so was only experienced by those at the front. Binyon himself only visited the front at one point so perhaps did not experience horrors as did other writers such as owen, yet he had more first hand Pat barker’s writing ‘Ghost Road’ in 1999. Despite this Pat Barker and Vera Britain’s biography written n 1933 are able to have a wider perspective on the events and Vera Britain in particular is able to look back in hindsight in a way in which Binyon could not and have time to consider events that passed and analyse them . Ghost road contains horrific, graphic images of ‘dismembered bodies hurtling’ and ‘eyelids eaten away’ which although designed to shock a reader so as they are eager to read more are also researched so are true of events which took place during the war. Barker doesn’t hold back from the extreme physicality of the imagery similar to Sebastian Faulke’s ‘Birdsong’ where horrendous images of ‘only a hole remaining between his shoulders’ are common, Faulke’s also uses loves and sex to link in with the physicality of the war wounds. Britain also uses her emotional relationship with Roland for a stark contrast with the vast sense of loss of the last line. This could be authors having to modernise for present-day readers or the lack of patriotism of today’s society which allows or even needs brutally truthful accounts to entertain the reader. The author’s opinion of the war also needs consideration as Binyon was pro- war and felt the personal experience of honour and duty as many young men of 1914 did. Because of this he will have experienced the excitement at the beginning of war and this reflects in his writing such as the ‘glory that shines upon our tears’. ‘For the Fallen’ also gives a sense of respect and waste for the men who ‘shall not grow old, as we that are left grow old,’ particularly emphasising the youthfulness of the dead. The funeral imagery that is run throughout gives the poem a idea of a funeral for all those lost, missing or presumed dead in battle, so no ennobled soldiers are left unhonoured. Binyon focuses on this lament for the dead, they ‘are marching upon the heavenly plains’ giving the impression those who die for their country are viewed more worthy in god’s eyes. Unlike Pat Barkers description of a ‘severed head’ which could be considered disrespectful toward the dead. Binyon uses euphemisms telling of the young men who now ‘sleep beyond England’s foam’ this attitude towards death is mirrored by Vera Britain as she chooses to believe her fianci ‘drifted unconsciously into death’ so as to relieve herself of the pain and loss of her loved one. Vera invites the reader to have empathy towards her as they know her anticipation is an anticlimax and Roland in the end ‘had died of wounds at a casualty clearing station. ‘ The romantic sense in which she describes him and their ‘love that had arisen so swiftly’ is discredited by the matter of fact way she declares his death adding pathos to the extract. This statement is given as if in shock or simply immune to the pain similar to the immunity soldiers gained towards death at the front, they got to the point where as Hulme described, ‘men walked as on Piccadilly over a dead Belgian’s belly. ‘ This immunity does not stretch to every situation however, Barker talks of ‘a friends death precipitating a total collapse’ and ‘nausea, vomiting, spell of forgetfulness’ as if the war not only affect the men physically but also mentally, their whole being with nothing left untouched. Barker’s character Rivers even sees the war torment Craigloackhart’s sleep giving him endless hypnagogic hallucinations of ‘lips eaten away’. Binyon also shows the war affecting the whole being as he talks of the passion and duty of how the men were ‘staunch to the end against odds uncounted. ‘ This sense of duty is elaborated on in war literature, Barker talks of Craiglockhart ‘behaving with exemplary courage and loyalty. ‘ Sebastian Faulke’s hard metal like character Stephen is willing to die due to love for his men by the end. ‘Testament of Youth’ is written as a biography in prose as is the fictional work of Pat Barker’s ‘Ghost Road’, while ‘For the Fallen’ is a poem written in iambic pentameter form. The Iambic is used to give a rhythmical tone reflecting a procession of the marching men, and is perhaps used to imitate the ‘solemn drums. ‘ The rhythm enables the poem to be read slowly and set a tone of pride and respect, the biblical tones throughout the poem such as ‘flesh of her flesh’ serve to give the poem a more serious theme as those lamenting the dead often need religious support. This is true of agnostic Vera Britain who thanks ‘whatever God might exist’ for Roland but when worry sets in she turns to religion ironically praying ‘whosoever liveth in me shall never die’. Death is the major theme running through all the sources, with ‘Ghost Road’ using horrific adjectives to show how the soldiers were degraded even in death but this death left an impact on the friends and relatives who were left behind such as Craiglockhart. Binyon is also assertive to the dead being remembered with him shortening the last line so forth disrupting the steady pattern and emphasizing last lines such as the imperative ‘we will remember them’, and the very last line having further emphasis with repetition of ‘to the end, to the end, they remain. ‘ Other immortalising imagery such as ‘stars’ give a comfort to the reader which they do not achieve from Ghost Road or Vera Britain as the matter of fact death is left without a sense of the soul being at rest as they do as they ‘march upon the heavenly plain’ in For the Fallen. This shows the views of the authors as Binyon is very pro-war and patriotism for the country whilst Britain and Barker show the extremity of the loss and give an anti-war vision to their work as does Wilfred Owen as he opens with a harsh question of ‘what passing bells for those who die as cattle. ‘ This question probes the reader into asking themselves why the war occurred, and with Owens imagery of ‘stuttering rifles’ and ‘sad shires’ it is tough for a reader to think pro-war. Sibilance is frequent in For the Fallen as ‘stars that are starry’ allows for the poem with its harsh theme of death to be softened having a soothing effect upon the reader. To add to this calming flowing effect fricative sounds are added such as ‘flesh of flesh. ‘ This enables a harmonious sound for the dead who died for a cause which is often why the poem is read at remembrance services to put those who have lost loved ones at peace.

Free Essays on Oscar Wilde

Wilde, like fellow Irishman and friend Yeats, was a brilliant oral storyteller, a temporally displaced bard. When he fell from grace during scandal in later life, he earned many a meal-and arranged many a loan-after ensuring an after dinner audience's affection with a good tale. It is largely from this practice that he initially achieved notoriety, and from jotting down the essence of his speech that he made his living- for Wilde, who often found the act of writing disagreeable (yet never the act of talking) believed that writing was a necessary way of venting immense intellectual energy, but for him not an end in itself. Given that he identified himself always as a speaker-first as a bard and then, as he grew older, as Platonic guru to young Oxfordonians- it is unsurprising that he made a drama of his life. Often, as Philippe Jullian reports, he knew that his greatest role was that of "the artist triumphing over the brute," (Oscar Wilde, p.318), and in this sense certainly his liter ature, rather than being his definitive artistic statement, became a backdrop for his real art-life. As the painter is drawn to warm and cool tints, Wilde was fascinated by the dichotomy between the good and evil components of life. Like an actor, he is more taken with beauty than content- asserting that if there was an afterlife that he should like to return as a flower, utterly without soul but entirely beautiful. In statements throughout his life-often paradoxical and of which Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young (1894) is quite representative-he apparently propones beauty over soul. In a letter to his mother he cries: "I'm unable to write a line or a sentence so long as I'm not in complete possession of myself. I should like very submissively to follow nature-which is within myself and must be true." (Delay, Andre Gide, p.396) Yet he also believed, as reported by Jonathan Dollimore in his analysis of Dorian Gray, that "anyone attempting ... Free Essays on Oscar Wilde Free Essays on Oscar Wilde Wilde, like fellow Irishman and friend Yeats, was a brilliant oral storyteller, a temporally displaced bard. When he fell from grace during scandal in later life, he earned many a meal-and arranged many a loan-after ensuring an after dinner audience's affection with a good tale. It is largely from this practice that he initially achieved notoriety, and from jotting down the essence of his speech that he made his living- for Wilde, who often found the act of writing disagreeable (yet never the act of talking) believed that writing was a necessary way of venting immense intellectual energy, but for him not an end in itself. Given that he identified himself always as a speaker-first as a bard and then, as he grew older, as Platonic guru to young Oxfordonians- it is unsurprising that he made a drama of his life. Often, as Philippe Jullian reports, he knew that his greatest role was that of "the artist triumphing over the brute," (Oscar Wilde, p.318), and in this sense certainly his liter ature, rather than being his definitive artistic statement, became a backdrop for his real art-life. As the painter is drawn to warm and cool tints, Wilde was fascinated by the dichotomy between the good and evil components of life. Like an actor, he is more taken with beauty than content- asserting that if there was an afterlife that he should like to return as a flower, utterly without soul but entirely beautiful. In statements throughout his life-often paradoxical and of which Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young (1894) is quite representative-he apparently propones beauty over soul. In a letter to his mother he cries: "I'm unable to write a line or a sentence so long as I'm not in complete possession of myself. I should like very submissively to follow nature-which is within myself and must be true." (Delay, Andre Gide, p.396) Yet he also believed, as reported by Jonathan Dollimore in his analysis of Dorian Gray, that "anyone attempting ...

Thirty of the Worlds Busiest Airports

Thirty of the Worlds Busiest Airports This is a list of the thirty busiest airports for passenger traffic, based on finalized 2008 data from the Airports Council International. A more recent list of the busiest airports in the world is also available here on my site. Since 1998, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in the United States has been the worlds busiest passenger airport. Numbers represent the number of passengers enplaned and deplaned with passengers in transit counted only once. 1. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport - 90,039,280 2. OHare International Airport (Chicago) - 69,353,654 3. Heathrow Airport (London) - 67,056,228 4. Haneda Airport (Tokyo) - 65,810,672 5. Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport - 60,851,998 6. Los Angeles International Airport - 59,542,151 7. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport - 57,069,331 8. Beijing Capital International Airport - 55,662,256* 9. Frankfurt Airport - 53,467,450 10. Denver International Airport - 51,435,575 11. Madrid Barajas Airport - 50,823,105 12. Hong Kong International Airport - 47,898,000 13. John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York City) - 47,790,485 14. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol - 47,429,741 15. McCarran International Airport (Las Vegas) - 44,074,707 16. George Bush Intercontinental Airport (Houston) - 41,698,832 17. Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport - 39,890,896 18. Bangkok International Airport - 38,604,009 19. Singapore Changi Airport - 37,694,824 20. Dubai International Airport - 37,441,440 (New to the list) 21. San Francisco International Airport - 37,405,467 22. Orlando International Airport - 35,622,252 23. Newark Liberty International Airport (New Jersey) - 35,299,719 24. Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport - 35,144,841 25. Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport (Rome) - 35,132,879 (New to the list) 26. Charlotte Douglas International Airport (North Carolina) - 34,732,584 (New to the list) 27. Munich Airport - 34,530,593 28. London Gatwick Airport - 34,214,474 29. Miami International Airport - 34,063,531 30. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport - 34,032,710 * Beijing Capital International Airport saw a seven million passenger increase from 2006 to 2008, likely due to the 2008 Summer Games held in Beijing. Airports that previously made the top thirty ranking list for busiest airports but are not on this years ranking of the busiest airports include: Narita International Airport (Tokyo), and Philadelphia International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport (Canada).

Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford - Tudor Lady-in-Waiting

Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford - Tudor Lady-in-Waiting Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford, born Jane Parker (circa 1505 - February 13, 1542), was a noblewoman and a courtier at the court of Henry VIII of England. She married into the Boleyn/Howard family and spent the rest of her life embroiled in their intrigues. Early Life Jane was born in Norfolk, though the year is not recorded: record-keeping was imperfect at the time, and a daughters birth was not significant enough. Her parents were Henry Parker, 10th Baron  Morley, and his wife Alice (nee Alice St. John). Like most girls of noble birth, she was likely educated at home; records are scarce. She was sent to court sometime before her fifteenth birthday to join the court of Katherine of Aragon. The first record of Jane being noted at court came in 1520, where she was part of the royal party that traveled to France for the Field of the Cloth of Gold meeting between Henry and Francis I of France. Jane was also recorded as participating in a court masquerade pageant in 1522, which indicates she was likely considered very pretty, although no confirmed portraits of her survive. Joining The Boleyns   Her family arranged her marriage to George Boleyn in 1525. At the time, Georges sister Anne Boleyn was a leader in court society, but had not yet caught the kings eye; her sister Mary had recently been Henrys mistress.  As a respected member of a powerful family, George earned a wedding present from the king: Grimston Manor, a house in Norfolk. By 1526 or 1527, Annes power had increased, and with it the fortunes of all the Boleyns. George Boleyn was given the title Viscount Rochford in 1529 as a mark of royal favor, and Jane became known as Viscountess Rochford (Lady Rochford was the appropriate form of direct address). Despite all these material gains, Janes marriage was probably an unhappy one. George was unfaithful, and historians have debated the exact nature of his debauchery: whether he was promiscuous, gay, violent, or some combination thereof. Nevertheless, the marriage did not result in any children. Boleyn Rise and Fall In 1532, when Henry VIII entertained the French king Francis I at Calais, Anne Boleyn, and Jane Boleyn appeared together. Henry finally divorced Katherine, and Anne married Henry in 1533, at which time Jane was a lady of the bedchamber to Anne. The nature of her relationship with Anne is not recorded. Some speculate that the two were not close and that Jane was jealous of Anne, but Jane did risk temporary exile from court to help Anne banish one of Henrys younger mistresses. Annes marriage to Henry began to fail, however, and Henrys attentions began to turn to other women. Anne miscarried in 1534 and had discovered that Henry was having an affair. Somewhere along the line, Janes loyalties shifted away from the faltering queen. By 1535, Jane had definitely sided against Anne, when Jane was part of a Greenwich demonstration protesting that Mary Tudor, not Annes daughter Elizabeth, was the true heir. This incident led to a stay in the Tower for Jane and for Annes aunt, Lady William Howard. In May 1536, the Boleyns fell. George was arrested and accused of incest and treason, and Anne was accused of witchcraft, adultery, treason, and incest. Some have concluded that the idea that Anne and her brother George were committing incest may have been spread by Jane. While this is unknown, Janes testimony was likely key evidence used in Thomas Cromwells case against Anne.  Another charge against Anne at her trial, though it was not spoken in court, was that Anne had told Jane that the king was impotent - a piece of information Cromwell had obtained from Jane.   George Boleyn was executed on May 17, 1536, and Anne on May 19.  Janes motivations in this betrayal are lost to history: she may have been terrified by Henrys vengeance, but the reputation she gained in history was as a jealous harpy who schemed against her in-laws. Lady To Later Queens After her husbands death, Jane Boleyn retired to the country. She was in serious financial trouble and obtained some help from her father-in-law. Apparently, Thomas Cromwell was also helpful to the woman who had been helpful to him in making the case against Anne, and she was allowed to continue using her aristocratic title. Jane became a lady of the bedchamber to Jane Seymour and was selected to bear the train of the Princess Mary at the queens funeral. She was lady of the bedchamber to the next two queens, as well. When Henry VIII wanted a quick divorce from his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, Jane Boleyn provided evidence, saying that Anne had confided in her in a roundabout way that the marriage had not actually been consummated. This report was included in the divorce proceedings. Now firmly with a reputation for eavesdropping and meddling, Jane became a crucial figure in the household of Henry VIIIs young, new wife, Catherine Howard  - a cousin of Anne Boleyn.  In that role, she was found to have been a go-between arranging visits between Catherine and her love Thomas Culpeper, finding them meeting places and hiding their meetings. She may even have instigated or at least encouraged their affair, for reasons unknown. Downfall and Depictions When Catherine was accused of the affair, which amounted to treason against the king, Jane  first denied knowledge of it. The interrogation of Jane over this matter caused her to lose her sanity, raising questions whether shed be well enough to be executed. A letter to Culpeper was produced in Catherines handwriting, in which was found the sentence, Come when my Lady Rochford is here, for then I shall be at leisure to be at your commandment. Jane Boleyn was charged, tried, and found guilty. Her execution took place on Tower Green on February 3, 1542, after Jane made a prayer for the king and alleged she had falsely testified against her husband. She was buried at the Tower of London, near Catherine, George, and Anne.   After her death, the image of Jane as the jealous accuser and manipulator firmly took hold and was accepted as fact for centuries. Most fictional portrayals of her have depicted a jealous, unstable, vicious woman at worst and an easily manipulated tool of powerful men at best. In recent years, however, biographers and historians have revisited her legacy and questioned whether or not Jane simply did the best she could to survive one of the most dangerous courts in history. Jane Boleyn Fast Facts Full Name:  Jane Boleyn, Viscountess RochfordBorn:  circa 1505 in Norfolk, EnglandDied:  February 13, 1542 on Tower Green, LondonSpouse: George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford (m. 1525 - 1536)Occupation:  English nobility; lady of the bedchamber for four queensKnown for:  Sister-in-law to Anne Boleyn who may have testified in her downfall; lady-in-waiting to five of Henry VIIIs queens Sources Fox, Julia.  Jane Boleyn: The True Story of the Infamous Lady Rochford.  London, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2007.Weir, Alison. The Six Wives of Henry VIII.  New York, Grove Press, 1991.

Pregnancy and anorexia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pregnancy and anorexia - Research Paper Example Even though they are skinny but they can be easily convinced to be overweight and displays an intense fear of becoming fat. This results in dieting habits, excessive exercise, intake of laxatives and not eating. Majority of the cases reported are adolescent girls especially belonging to higher socio-economic class (Anorexia). Anorexia is turning out to be a serious disease that can be critical and more harmful during pregnancy. It may result in premature labor, low birth weight, still birth or fetal death and complications during delivery (Anorexia). The reported incidence of eating disorder is constantly showing a rise in the past 30 years. The disease could take a severe form and may result in hospitalization and death. It is affecting the females between the age-group of 14- 24 years; adolescent and child bearing age (Chizawsky, 2006). Diagnostic criteria: Loss of at least 3 consecutive menstrual periods (in women), do not want or refuse to eat in public, anxiety, weakness, brittle skin, shortness of breath, obsessivness about calorie intake (Anorexia). Medical Consequences: Shrunken bones, mineral loss, low body temperature, irregular heartbeat, and permanent failure of normal growth, development of osteoporosis and blumia nervosa. To have a healthy baby, a pregnant women must gain 25-25 pounds, but if this is told to anorexic she will take it as if she has to gain 100 pounds (Anorexia). This is the psychology which is becoming the root cause of all related complications in pregnancy and therefore anorexic pregnant women face trouble in carrying a baby to the term. Moreover, if the female is underweight and is not eating proper balanced food then the baby is in danger resulting in miscarriages or premature birth, also, this puts the baby at risk for medical complications (Anorexia). The method for undertaking this study encompasses examination of nulliparous nonsmoking women previously diagnosed with eating disorders and

Paper media going Electronic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper media going Electronic - Essay Example References can be linked to abstracting services, from where abstracts or full texts of cited papers can be obtained, and similar publications can be retrieved based on the original article. Electronic versions of journals are available in advance of printed versions, and in addition users can browse the contents tables of forthcoming issues. Journal issues need not be shipped, thus avoiding delays due to mailing systems. Electronic documents can be accessed from anywhere at any time and by as many simultaneous users as needed (ESO.org, 1998). The customers who subscribe for a news papers or online journals can get access anywhere in the world, thus avoiding carrying it while traveling. It is also a good mode to save paper and is eco-friendly. These innovations have proven to be good for the advancement of scientific community in a more ecological way. While most people recognize the need to save energy and recycle waste it takes much more than just awareness to get them to change their habits on a large scale. It takes a combination of measures of many different kinds, such as technical waste disposal infrastructure, legislation and taxation to get massive behavioral c hanges underway (Bjà ¶rk, 2004). Businesses are currently using what is referred to as information technology strategy to provide them with a competitive edge. Robert Livingston states â€Å"that the use of the web can reduce processing time by one-third.† Electronic publishing would be an excellent timesaving, cost effective solution. Our future is heading in the direction of transforming from print to electronics. Electronics will aid in streamlining production with a limited staff. Therefore the company can expect a reduction in cost, and the ability to deliver multiple sources of information in less amount of time all over the world. Electronic publishing, newspapers and books would be an excellent strategic and business goal. There are a few

The Public Register Online Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Public Register Online - Assignment Example Coca Cola used a traditional approach in its annual report since the report is written in black and white. The annual report of Dr. Pepper Snapple Group is more visually appealing due to the fact the annual report is written using color ink with graphics and photos. The annual report of this company is easier to read as the information is not a cluttered as in the Coca-Cola annual report. The way the Coca-Cola annual report is presented detracts from value of the information that is presented. To me it seems as if Coca-Cola wrote the report thinking only about its obligation with the SEC, instead of realizing the importance of the annual report for the investor community. One good attributes about the format used by Coca Cola is that as you move through the report in the left side there are links itemizing the topics which helps the user jump to different topics within the report instantly. The 2010 Coca Cola annual report has all the necessary components that an annual report is supposed to have and is well structured, but the report lacks the ability to connect with the reader. The Dr Pepper Snapple Groups annual report uses several techniques business professionals use to make the presentation of financial and business data easier to understand and more fun to read. The Dr Pepper Snapple Group management team presents a positive outlook in the annual report. The company has been able to penetrate the non-soda beverage market very well with a market share of 40.4% largely in part to the booming sales of the Snapple natural beverages (Annual Report: Dr Pepper Snapple Group, 2010). The Dr Pepper brand has achieve six consecutive years of sales growth and the firm has increased its customer reach through its distribution of the product at over 14,000 McDonald’s establishments. The annual report of this firm focused on the domestic market since 89% of the firm sales are in the United States with additional international revenues coming from

X-Ray Technician Workloads Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

X-Ray Technician Workloads - Research Paper Example As the report stresses there is increasing realisation that for x-ray technicians to be capable of optimum performance that they need post-graduate training as a specialist. However, extended study at university is not always a feasible option for the x-ray operator, due to economic, personal or cultural factors. Also, it is important that the health care provided by practioners meet the needs of the community, and as such, most x-ray technicians find themselves needing to be multi-taskers as practioners. This paper hopes to provide methodological insights in to analysis of the working conditions for x-ray staff. Ideally, this research will contribute to local, state and national standards regarding x-ray technician workloads and training. Also, this paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of the role of the x-ray technician and the workplace factors that impact on their performance. To date, there is a glaring neglect into the study of the x-ray technician workforce. Reliable data is difficult to gather due to the different contexts of work environment, x-ray technician, and patient specific needs. A survey will measure patient satisfaction and x-ray technician workloads at a hospital in the UK. It is hypothesized that on the days of high workloads that the patients will report higher ratings of dissatisfaction. It is also expected that x-ray technicians that are specialists will receive higher ratings from patients with conditions which they specialize in, as compared to those not within their specialty training. A Review of the Literature To date, very little literature exists on the topic of x-ray technician working conditions. General information is readily available, such as the frequency of educational completions or numbers of licenses approved (Patterson et al., 2004). Research into this subject is critical, especially as x-ray technician services are unlikely to be distributed according to community needs. It is a limitation in the understanding of community health care needs when adequate data about the conditions of the workforce of x-ray technicians across time and location remains unknown. Further,

Critical Literacy Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Literacy Narrative - Essay Example As a Chinese person, learning English was not easy for me. First, I need to mention here that while one can find many people knowing English in the non-English countries, China is one such country where not many people know English. Even with the status of an international language, Chinese people are generally reluctant to learn English language and prefer to communicate with one another in the Chinese language both within China and outside. However, one cannot deny the importance of learning English language in the present age. Today, when globalization has reached its peak, learning English has become more of a condition than a choice. So I had to learn English anyway. I started learning English in the school. We started over with learning letters, then vovals, words, pronunciations, poems, lines, passages, and short stories. As I progressed through various classes in school, learning English became more and more thorough and detailed. In high school, I learned writing letters and essays. The more I wrote, the better I got at speaking and writing English. However, listening English and understanding native English people speak English was not easy for me because I had heard English being spoken in the Chinese accent in China. But I had to move over to the US for higher education. For this, developing competence in listening and understanding English in addition to other competencies was very important. I started developing competence in listening and understanding English in the British and American accent by watching Hollywood movies. I believe that Hollywood movies are a very good and informative source for people who want to learn English. Not only are these movies in native English accents, but the language actors use is the one we use in everyday life. So I get to learn English the way it is spoken by the native people in everyday life. As I learned English more and more, I learned that there is not one, but many accents of native English; there is an A merican accent, a British accent, and an Australian accent to mention a few. The first movie that sparked a motivation in me to learn English was Titanic. I totally loved that movie, but at the time when it was released, I couldn’t understand and enjoy it fully because of my limited knowledge of English. However, I was very motivated by the movie and wanted to learn English more in order to be able to enjoy such wonderful movies fully. I saw more English movies and over the passage of time, my competence in English language improved. The biggest challenge I experienced after moving to the US was understanding English in the native American accent. People found it hard to understand me and I found it hard to understand them. This complicated the matters for me manifolds as I not only faced the challenge of adjusting in the US, but also of understanding others and making myself understood. In order to live happily in a native English country, learning English is a must. Even pe ople who can speak English but not perfectly experience so many issues in the native English countries, what to talk of them who do not know English at all. â€Å"the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her† (Tan 506) are some of the difficulties commonly experienced

X-Ray Technician Workloads Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

X-Ray Technician Workloads - Research Paper Example As the report stresses there is increasing realisation that for x-ray technicians to be capable of optimum performance that they need post-graduate training as a specialist. However, extended study at university is not always a feasible option for the x-ray operator, due to economic, personal or cultural factors. Also, it is important that the health care provided by practioners meet the needs of the community, and as such, most x-ray technicians find themselves needing to be multi-taskers as practioners. This paper hopes to provide methodological insights in to analysis of the working conditions for x-ray staff. Ideally, this research will contribute to local, state and national standards regarding x-ray technician workloads and training. Also, this paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of the role of the x-ray technician and the workplace factors that impact on their performance. To date, there is a glaring neglect into the study of the x-ray technician workforce. Reliable data is difficult to gather due to the different contexts of work environment, x-ray technician, and patient specific needs. A survey will measure patient satisfaction and x-ray technician workloads at a hospital in the UK. It is hypothesized that on the days of high workloads that the patients will report higher ratings of dissatisfaction. It is also expected that x-ray technicians that are specialists will receive higher ratings from patients with conditions which they specialize in, as compared to those not within their specialty training. A Review of the Literature To date, very little literature exists on the topic of x-ray technician working conditions. General information is readily available, such as the frequency of educational completions or numbers of licenses approved (Patterson et al., 2004). Research into this subject is critical, especially as x-ray technician services are unlikely to be distributed according to community needs. It is a limitation in the understanding of community health care needs when adequate data about the conditions of the workforce of x-ray technicians across time and location remains unknown. Further,

Self Portraiture in Regard to Frida Kahlo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self Portraiture in Regard to Frida Kahlo - Essay Example The paper "Self Portraiture in Regard to Frida Kahlo" analyzes the art and life of Frida Kahlo. Rather than restricting her art, this confinement helped encourage Kahlo as it was one of the few things she could do from her bed. The fact that she was so isolated in her practice may have also contributed to her willingness to experiment with artistic forms as can be seen in several of her self-portraits, such as â€Å"The Two Fridas† and â€Å"The Broken Column.† Kahlo’s 1939 self-portrait â€Å"The Two Fridas† demonstrates a tremendous struggle to find balance between the past and the present and the individual and social expectations as seen through line, shape, color and space. Kahlo represents these ideas as a dual image that relates back to Kahlo’s polio-inflicted childhood. â€Å"During that time, she created an imaginary friend who would later be reflected in a painting called ‘The Two Fridas.’ Explaining the painting in her diary she wrote, ‘I experienced intensely an imaginary friendship with a little girl more or less the same age as me. I followed her in all her movements and while she danced, I told her my secret problems†. She invokes this same relationship at an older age to express her feelings at the time of her divorce from Diego in the shape of an imperfect mirror image. Color plays a big role in understanding the image as one Frida is dressed in European clothing, indicating that this is the actual European half of Frida gained from her father as well as the portion of her that Diego.

Restaurant Management Essay Example for Free

Restaurant Management Essay Staff developing is vital for restaurants to run smoothly. A restaurant is composed of two sectors; a Front of House (FOH) and theirs a Back of House (BOH). The front of the house is what is visible to the customers? eye. Customers can not see the back of the house. Back of the house is where cooks prepare the food and where the dishwasher is located. Manager Brian Aycock explained that if a manager develops his staff, it makes the restaurant run smooth. The store will profit, the employees and the guest will be satisfied (Aycock). If the staff is not getting along, a lot of tension will grow inside the restaurant and co-workers will not work with one another as a team. In return the customers will not be happy and the profit will not be as desirable. When customers are not happy with the visit they had at the restaurant, they will then spread the word to all their friends. Each staff member of the restaurant should have nice and clean hygien

Corruption Among Nations

Corruption Among Nations Agenda Kautilya’s â€Å"Arthashastra† Corruption in Ancient Rome and Athens Why corruption has become a serious problem nowadays?-arguments Variations among nations Definition of Corruption The most wide-spread definition of corruption is the one formulated by the World Bank: the abuse of public power for private gain. Corruption is a complex phenomenon that encloses different types of unfair behavior and not always associated with bribes. For instance, a public employee pretending to be sick goes on vacation thereby abusing his public position for personal benefit; or a president of a country who builds an airport in his small hometown is also engaged in corruption that doesn’t involve the payment of bribes. Throughout history great thinkers and politicians have recognized corruption as a mysterious and complex phenomenon. The complexity of the problem is proved by the fact that corruption in various forms takes place in any sphere of activity; promotes illegality, injustice, waste, inefficiency in administrative conduct; destroys the moral fabric of society, ruins the faith of people in the legitimacy of politico-administrative set up. Besides the fact that corruption encloses unethical business practices through the unfair way to gain advantage over particular good or service, it is a serious problem harming moral values of people. The payment of bribes, nepotism and other forms require lying and dissimilation. It is socially irresponsible, as it discriminates the rights of poor people who are unable to pay bribes for obtaining particular good or service. Corruption has been recognized as a â€Å"general disease for the body politic† to be common as in modern, as in ancient times as well. Indeed, this deviant behavior provoked great concerns of such famous political thinkers as Kautilya, Aristotle, Cicero, Xenophon and others. 1.Corruption in Ancient Athens and Rome Corruption in ancient world is first discovered in an archive listing the names of â€Å"employees accepting bribes† at the administrative centres of the ancient Assyrian empire 3400 years ago. In ancient Greece and Rome very often corrupt behavior was difficult to identify, as the same terms were applied to bribes and gifts (doron, lemma, chresmasi peithein). According to Claire Taylor’s prominent work â€Å"Greece and Rome†, â€Å"every level of Athenian politics was riddled with corruption, from the most important orators to the smallest deme elections†. Political Corruption Both ancient Rome and Athens had large highly developed bureaucracies and at the same time with certain opportunities for abuse. Corruption has been considered to be one of the basic causes of the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire. One of the most famous cases of corruption happened in the 1st cen. BC. The Roman governor of Sicily was prosecuted by Cicero for the acts of abuse of power. According to specific historical sources, he bought at first his praetorship and afterwards his governorship. His deviant behavior and misuse of power ruined Sicily, one of the richest provinces at that time that in turn caused Sicilians’ great frustration with the government and the formation of mafia. One of the plots of Verres’s abuse of power was to â€Å"name non-existent slaves†. He used to blame the landowners for hiding slaves suspected in rebellion organization. If the owner couldn’t produce the slave (whom he actually didn’t own), upon Verres’s order the accused was sent to prison and kept there until a bribe was paid for his release. The factors contributing to corruption in ancient times were both of political and legal amateurism. According to the complaint of Plato, public officials are â€Å" bribe-takers and money-lovers.† Despite the fact that the abuse of public power has been always considered a serious crime, the corrupt behaviour of public officials in ancient times may be explained not only on the basis of the love of money but as a professional necessity. The temptation to make private gains was particularly caused by the fact that most magistrates, for instance, in ancient Greece after 411BC were not paid salaries for their service. The members of the Boule may have received small state income (mithos). Because of low-to-nonexistent payments politicians had to care about their considerable expences themselves. Politicians needed money for gathering information for being properly informed; entertain subordinates and pay bailiffs for running their farms while they worked for the state. It is therefore hardly surprising that some public officials accepted bribes and gifts for supplementing their income. However, the result of the misuse of power had a devastating effect on social order that therefore provoked great concern of many famous ancient orators and writers in ancient Rome and Greece. In â€Å"Politics† Aristotle states that â€Å"a tyrant has no regard to public interest except of as conducive to his private ends’ of pleasure†. With regard to public officials, Aristotle considered them to have public duty and private interest is harmed when they use the office for their own â€Å"private ends†. The ideal form of government is the one that governs with the view of common interest. Ancient Athenians were quite sensitive to the misuse of public resources and when detected, the act of corruption was punished severely. In his â€Å"Laws† Plato states that corrupt officials were punished by the loss of citizenship and the right to take part in the political institutions of the city-state. According to the Athenian orator Demosthenes (384-322 BC), a person who†¦ â€Å"†¦ accepts a bribe from another or himself offers it to another, or corrupts anyone by promises, to the detriment of the people in general, or if any individual citizen, by any means or device, whatsoever, he shall be disfranchised together with his children, and his property will be confiscated.† In fact, Demosthenes himself was found guilty of accepting bribes. In 324 BC he was fined 50 talents that equals $20 million in today’s dollars. He turned out to be comparatively lucky when he went into exile, while other Athenian officials were frequently severely executed for bribery. According to the Law of the Twelve Tables that formed the centerpiece of the Roman Republic constitution, there was imposed a death penalty on the judges who accepted bribes. The punishment was eased after the rise of the Roman empire (27 BC–476 AD). Electoral Corruption As a paragon of civilization, Rome represented a major centre where corruption took place. Following the Greek historian Polybius (200-118 BC), â€Å"to the Romans nothing is more disgraceful than to receive bribes or to seek gain by improper means.† This estimation sounds quite optimistic, however in reality, compared to Athens, electoral bribery (ambitus) was a much more serious problem in ancient Rome. For instance, Julius Caesar won the office of Pontifex Maximus through bribery. Electoral bribery turned into such a common event that it gave rise to the profession of bribe distributors called divisores. In this case, Cicero proposed the establishment of particular laws for electoral corruption prevention: limit the amount political elites could spend on gifts and entertainment aimed to influence election results. Extortion and embezzlement Reports on extortion in ancient history are very frequent. For instance, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus(163 BC – 89 BC) aRoman consul was accused of extortions while being a governor of Sardinia and Corsica. Army was not the exception. The representative of the Sophist school Libanius (341-392 AD) in his speech proposed the emperor Theodosius to enforce laws against soldiers who used to extort money from the inhabitants of the colonies and then in turn applied the acquitted amount in military protection to oppress neighbours. In Luke 3 John the Baptist exhort the tax-collectors â€Å"to collect no more that is appointed to you†. With regard to Roman army, he instructs the soldiers â€Å"to be content with the wages† and give up extorting money from civilians by violence. Bribe or gift? â€Å"It was quite impossible to get anything done unless one produced a present. Politicians could be paid to do anything or nothing†. Thycydides (460 – c. 395 BC) Bribes performed a significant role in the everyday life both in ancient Rome and Athens. Bribes could decide the matters of war and peace, movement of armies, destruction and the fate of the whole nations as well. There were even formed particular associations for extortion. The long-term consequences of bribery became particularly noticeable in the sixties and fifties BC. Bribery caused financial and correspondingly political instability; as well as loss of faith in constitution and rule of law. This outcome is considered to have contributed to the civil war. The distinction between bribe and gift was quite unstable. In ancient Rome the notion of â€Å"gratia† meant the expression of gratitude. It represented particular gifts, donations and hospitality provided to a socially dominant person by a client. In ancient Greece the same role was attributed to gift called â€Å"dora† that at the same time meant bribe. The term â€Å"dorokein† meant receiving bribes, while â€Å"dorokia† stood for political corruption. If there was made no distinction between gifts and bribes, it therefore points to the estimation that the provision of bribes was a part of social behavior and expression of solidarity and gratitude. 2. Kautilya’s Arthashastra The temptation to make private gains has always existed and unfortunately can’t be totally eliminated. However, the level of corruption can be monitored with particular anti-corrupt tools that may sometimes move economy closer to the level of complete transparency. Corruption should be examined first of all as an essential feature of a changeable human nature. â€Å"Men are naturally fickle minded and are compared to horses who exhibit constant change in their temper†. Kautilya (370-283 BC) One of the most prominent political figures of ancient times, the professor of economics and political sciences at the ancient Takshashila University and the royal advisor, Kautilya (Chanakya or Vishnu Gupta), also examined corruption as a major threat to economics and social order. Kautilya played a significant role in the establishment of the Maurya Empire, the first empire in the archeologically recorded history for the ruling of the most Indian subcontinent. Being a chief advisor to both Chandragupta (340-298 BC) and Bindusara (320-272 BC), he dealt with the issues on politics, social order, diplomacy, war and ethics. The widespread character of corruption at various levels of the Kingdom’s administration prompted Kautilya to establish an elaborated statecraft â€Å"Arthashastra† that describes what a state ought to be and not what it really was. One should agree that the norms of how to handle the problem are prescribed when particular disorder and abnormalities ex ist.†Arthashastra†, being considered as an elaborated statecraft that discusses monetary and fiscal policies, the art of international relations and war strategies, encloses valuable advice on how to handle and fight against corruption. According to Kautilya, honesty is not the virtue that would remain consistent lifelong and the temptation to make easy gains through corrupt means can override the trait of honesty any time. The identification of corruption with the notion of temptation is clearly proved by the comparison of the revenue collection process (by officials) with the honey or poison on the tip of the tongue that is impossible not to taste. As nowadays, as in ancient times corruption is so obvious and yet so mysterious. Kautilya expressed great concern on the difficulty of the detection of corruption. He compared embezzlers to fish moving under water and the impossibility to detect when exactly the fish was drinking water. Corruption in public sector and the tools to fight against it Kautilya stated that the increase in expenditures and lower revenue is an indicator of embezzlement and extortion in the government. Being an ancient statecraft, â€Å"Arthashastra† represents elaborated guidelines that may be applied in dealing with corruption even nowadays. Kautilya considered corruption, first of all, as a phenomenon deriving from a changeable human nature. On the basis of this assessment, the process of fighting against corruption must begin from the employee recruitment level. Employee recruitment In Mauryan Empire (322-185BC) â€Å"superintendents† were the highest officials, who received their position on the basis of â€Å"ministerial qualifications†, as well as â€Å"individual capacity†. Educational background, work experience and particular skills gave particular advantage to a candidate during the selection process. However, no less attention was paid to the right kind of aptitude for the position: traits of honesty and the level of impartiality. Despite such thorough selection process, corrupt persons still made their way into the system; however, other efficient tools were applied for the detection and prevention of corruption. Relations among co-workers Kautilya considered efficient team work to be the key for success. There were, however, particular impediments, like too much personal interactions among the higher executives, and co-workers that led to compromise and consequently corruption. Kautilya explained that human emotions and personal concerns impeded the successful running of an administration that is, first of all, a rule-based impersonal affair. Besides, different vision of particular issues also harmed the team spirit. Kautilya suggested stimulation of professionalism at work: superintendents must execute work with the employees following subordination system. Kautilya was certain that such model would stimulate the sense of belonging of employees to particular department, clearly identify their rights and obligations and therefore contribute to success of the state. Work period shortening Another measure for corruption prevention was the suggestion to make several positions in each department temporary. Periodic transfer of government officials from one position to another was implemented with the intention of not giving enough time for the officials to pick holes in the system and misuse their advantages. Whistleblowers’ contribution Whistle blowing has remained one of the most efficient tools in corruption detection process. Kautilya made particular emphasis on the importance of informants’ (suchaka) activity for exposing embezzlement or some deviant behavior. If the whistleblower was a government servant, he was given one twelfth of the bribe or the extorted amount. While, if the informant was from outside the system, he was entitled the award of one-sixth of the amount. The latter’s share was more, as the detection of corruption while being outside the system was rather more challenging. Corruption Nowadays The â€Å"Arthashstra† of Kautilya convincingly confirms the fact that corruption is not the exclusive feature of contemporary world. It represents a piece of prehistoric heritage that has survived through centuries. Governments of all historical eras have recognized the devastating effect of this phenomenon on the political system, security and social order. Globalization has stimulated the spread of corruption all over the globe. As a result, nowadays corruption is a world-scale problem that in return is recognized as a major threat to internationals security. However, before discussing the central point of the research, it is necessary to understand why corruption is paid so much attention now? Is it because there was more corruption in the past than in the present? Is it because more attention is paid to the phenomenon that has existed for ages but has been partially or completely ignored? The answer is still not obvious; however there are several arguments that describe w hy corruption is attracting more attention now than in the past. First, the end of the Cold War stopped the political hypocrisy giving the opportunity to many decision makers in industrial countries to ignore political corruption, e.g. Zaire. Second, the lack of information and the ignorance of the abuse of power didn’t give the possibility for corruption detection in centrally-planned economy. It is now widely known that the central planned economies, such as the USSR or those imitating them experienced high rate of political corruption. However, the cases of deviant behavior and the abuse of public power was either ignored or not properly reported. Third, the emergence of new democratic governments in recent years, as well as free and active media have contributed to the creation of a new environment where discussion of corruption is no longer forbidden. Forth, the process of globalization has stimulated closer and frequent contacts between individuals from different countries: those from the countries with the high rate of transparency with those from the countries where corruption widespread. These contacts have increased the attention towards corruption. Fifth, the emergences of nongovernmental organizations, such as Transparency International, as well as a growing interest in the problem from the side of other international organizations have contributed to the anti-corrupt movements in many countries. Besides, numerous empirical studies have contributed to greater awareness of the problem. Sixth, market economy has created an environment where the pursuit of efficiency has become much more important and distortions caused by corruption attract more attention. Finally, the influence of the US in many international institutions has been very important. American policy makers have stated that American exporters have lost out in foreign trade due to the prohibition to pay bribes to foreign trade partners. For American officials, the payment of bribes is a criminal act and bribes can’t be deducted as cost for tax purposes. The case of OECD was quite different from the US’s model of behavior. However, under the sponsorship of the OECD situation has noticeably changed.

The Beatles :: Essay on The Beatles

The Beatles The group that I picked to be an example of a particular type of music is The Beatles. The Beatles included George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Richard Starkey, other wise known as Ringo Starr. This group is very well known and also influenced many musicians since they formed. The Beatles started their careers in England. They were a huge success there, playing in clubs and eventually for the queen herself. After the appearance before the queen, The Beatles came to the USA. The Beatles came to New York City for the first time in 1964 and appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show. They performed the song â€Å"I want to hold your hand† to millions of people anxious to hear their new kind of rock. They were an instant success. A couple of weeks after their New York appearance, the five best selling records were by the Beatles. They became world famous by the end of 1964. The Beatles were unusual because most rock was strong beat with no melody. The Beatles added melody to rock. The Beatles also added strong and meaningful lyrics. Many of these lyrics were derived from pop culture, and had real life meaning to the group. Most of the songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Although, every song was always credited with being written together, rarely did they write the songs this way. Usually, John and Paul would write songs separately, and then take the songs to the group and work out the kinks. Early in their careers, most of the songs written by The Beatles were about love. This changed in about 1965 when the songs became about more practical things, and about things that were going on in the world. Even when the group decided to break up and go off on their own solo careers, the songs were still about the same basic themes. Paul was the most successful solo artist, followed closely by John.

Concern Over Electromagnetic Fields Health And Social Care Essay

Our usage of electricity on a day-to-day footing is now taken for granted in Britain. We live and work surrounded by an of all time increasing array of electrical power public-service corporations, yet over a decennary ago concern over electromagnetic Fieldss ( EMFs ) exploded after Paul Brodeur wrote a series of articles in the New Yorker Magazine in June 1989. Because of Paul Brodeur ‘s repute his articles had a catalytic consequence on scientists, newsmans and concerned people throughout the universe, taking in November 1989 to the Department of Energy coverage that â€Å" It has now become by and large accepted that there are, so, biological effects due to field exposure. † Prior to the commercial handiness of manmade electricity, worlds were exposed to merely natural EMF forces, viz. the magnetic field of the Earth, electric Fieldss caused by charges in the clouds, sudden electric and magnetic Fieldss caused by buoy uping or by the inactive electricity of two objects rubbing together. The last century has seen Britain become progressively surrounded by semisynthetic EMF. In our society, where the usage of electricity is extended, exposure to EMF from the huge array of electrical contraptions and equipment, constructing wiring, distribution lines, and transmittal lines is common and for sustained periods of clip. There has been considerable research carried out on assorted facets of EMF and it ‘s consequence on human wellness, top outing with the Californian Department of Health bring forthing an EMF survey bing over $ 7Million and 8 old ages to finish. EMF frights have generated survey after survey and sparked a demand for a modern set of statute law and directives for employers climaxing in the drafting of a European directive. I work in the Power Utilities Sector on Power Generation Plant. Does EMF present a echt day-to-day wellness hazard to me? Against the context of the abstract and background in this papers. Working in the power public-service corporations industry within the electrical, instrumentality and control field, this possible injury is of both involvement and significance to me. I feel hence this topic should turn out both motivation and educational to reexamine. The information and decisions will finally be used for personal development and presentation of personal competency. Each reappraisal article must run into the following standards to be considered for reappraisal: Be a research article or study Primary or Secondary Research Contain Research Methodologies where possible.5. Search FootingsThe undermentioned initial hunt footings have been drafted to supply a footing to bring forth this critical literature reappraisal: EMF, EMF Exposure, EMF Health, EMF Safety, EMF Human Health, EMF biological, EMF malignant neoplastic disease, Electro Magnetic Health, Electromagnetic Adverse Health, Electromagnetic Fields Human Health4. Literature ReappraisalPulling initial ideas on the construction and research paradigm this reappraisal will take are that with my EIC background and industry cognition it would be unlogical that the research worker and the investigated are wholly divorced. I am and will be influenced by my experience and old interactions with electrical theory and experimentation when reexamining EMF literature. This cognition suggests a positivism attack utilizing an Epistemic stance necessitating the apprehender and the known to be independent is dismissed. All research requires a starting point and for this subject the most suitable attack to utilize is the Interpretivist attack utilizing an Epistemology stance. The apprehender and the known influence each other ; ( Lincoln & A ; Guba, 1985 ) There have been a big figure of surveies into the factor EMF exposure may play in the wellness and unwellness of populations referred to in medical nomenclature as Epidemiology ; the basis of public wellness research. Meta-analyses and other more complete reappraisals of leukemia and encephalon malignant neoplastic disease are summarised in this reappraisal with peculiar attending to exposure assessment methodological analysiss utilised by these surveies. Breast malignant neoplastic disease ( see Reference 1 for reappraisal ) and non-cancer results such as Alzheimer ‘s disease ( 2, 3 ) , amyotrophic sidelong induration ( ALS ) ( 4,5 ) and cardiovascular disease ( 6,7 ) have non been sufficiently studied, but face similar challenges in footings of exposure appraisal. These surveies are non considered any farther in this paper. One of the four known basic natural forces, EMF is defined as â€Å" The cardinal force that is associated with electric and magnetic Fieldss and is responsible for atomic construction, chemical reactions, the attractive and abhorrent forces associated with electrical charge and magnetic attraction, and all other electromagnetic phenomena. It is carried by the photon. † ( English Dictionary, 2009 ) In 1992 S.Richardson published ‘Occupational Risk Factors for Acute Leukaemia: A Case-Control Study ‘ in the International Journal of Epidemiology vol 21. This Journal is a equal reappraisal papers which gives grounds there is a procedure of self-regulation by a profession or a procedure of rating affecting qualified persons with this related field giving an early feel of research credibleness to research farther. Although no formal statements are made as to the writer ‘s certificates, the publication is written by members of the International Committee of Epidemiology and so an premise can be drawn that he is both qualified and respected in this field being portion of an elective commission. The survey uses a quantative methodological analysis, clearly saying his aims, variables, case-controls and informations aggregation methods, utilizing a questionnaire and a standard interview format to roll up statistical informations. As the rubric suggests the research metho d is a corporate instance survey, utilizing chemical and toxin exposures aswell as EMF to look into the phenomena of AL. The information collected and it ‘s trust on human remembrance will necessarily hold some defects and this human fallibility factor with the modified experimental factor utilizing instance controls and blind analysis to better on past contradictions, suggests a Postpositivism attack. The information does back up the belief that EMF is an occupational factor for acute leukemia. A really similar method to this is described by the writer ( M.Gerin et al 1985 ) for obtaining occupational exposure histories and is celebrated as a sucessful theoretical account by ( Inter-rate understanding in measuring occupational exposure in a case-control survey, Goldberg M et Al 1986 ) nevertheless it is earlier acknowledged ‘that however a questionnaire merely provides a foster step of exposure with possible misclassifications which cut down the power of the survey to observe a difference in the exposure of instances and controls ‘ ( Kleinbaum D Lifetime larning 1982 ) . ‘Risk of Cancer among Danish Utility Workers – A Nationwide Cohort Study ‘ ( C. Johansen 1998 ) was one of the largest representative research surveies, conducted by Christoffer Johansen who is the MD of the Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society. The writer appears good respected and extremely qualified in his field of expertness keeping both PhD and DMSc awards. The survey informations is for 32,006 employees of 99 Danish public-service corporation companies covering both private and province owned installings. C.Johansen uses an intrinsic instance survey to supply a greater apprehension of power public-service corporation occupational exposure compared to the general public malignant neoplastic disease degrees.4. DecisionsEpidemiologic probe of possible associations of EMF exposure with hazard of chronic disease is an remarkably hard endeavor. Certain decisions can be drawn nevertheless: a ) The epidemiologic surveies conducted on possible wellness effects of EMF have improved over clip in edification of exposure appraisal and in methodological analysis. Several of the recent surveies on childhood leukemia and on occupational exposures in relation to grownup malignant neoplastic disease are near to the bound of what can realistically be achieved by epidemiology, in footings of size of survey and methodological asperity, utilizing soon available measuring methods. B ) Exposure measuring is a peculiar trouble of EMF epidemiology, in several respects: aˆ? The exposure of involvement is unperceivable, omnipresent, originates from multiple beginnings, and can change greatly over clip and over comparatively short distances. aˆ? The relevant exposure period, for malignant neoplastic diseases at least, is before the day of the month at which measurings can realistically be obtained and is of unknown continuance and initiation period. aˆ? The appropriate exposure metric is unknown, and there is no substantiated biological mechanism or carnal theoretical account from which to ascribe it. degree Celsius ) In the absence of grounds from cellular or carnal surveies, and given the methodological uncertainnesss and in many instances incompatibilities of the bing epidemiologic literature, there is no chronic disease result for which an aetiologic relation to EMF exposure can be regarded as established. vitamin D ) A big organic structure of high-quality informations exists, with measurings of exposure, strong methodological analysis, and big survey sizes, for childhood leukemia and encephalon tumors and for occupational exposure in relation to adult leukemia and encephalon tumors. Among all the results evaluated in epidemiologic surveies of EMF, childhood leukemia in relation to postpartum exposures above 0.4 I?T is the 1 for which there is most grounds of an association. The comparative hazard has been estimated at 2.0 ( 95 % assurance bounds ( CL ) = 1.27-3.13 ) in a big pooled analysis. This is improbable to be due to opportunity but may be partially due to bias. This is hard to construe in the absence of a known mechanism or consistent experimental support. In the big pooled analysis, merely 0.8 % of all kids were exposed above 0.4 I?T. Further surveies need to be designed to prove specific hypotheses such as facets of choice prejudice or exposure. On the footing of epidemiolog ic findings, there is grounds for an association of ALS with occupational EMF exposure although confounding is a possible account. Whether there are associations with chest malignant neoplastic disease, cardiovascular disease, and self-destruction and depression remains unsolved. Overall, despite 20 old ages of extended epidemiologic probe of the relation of EMF to hazard of chronic disease, there are still epidemiologic inquiries that need to be resolved. To be of value, nevertheless, future surveies of these inquiries must be of high methodological quality, of sufficient size and with sufficient Numberss of extremely exposed topics, and must include appropriate exposure groups and sophisticated exposure appraisal. Particularly for childhood leukemia, small is to be gained from farther repeat of probe of hazards at moderate and low exposure degrees, unless such surveies can be designed to prove specific hypotheses, such as choice prejudice or facets of exposure non antecedently cap tured. In add-on there is a demand for surveies in worlds of possible physiological effects of EMF that might associate to hazards of chronic disease.

Reflective Practicee Essay

It is important to receive feedback on my practice as much as possible to ensure I am improving and developing within the role. I feel it is important to get feedback from the following people: Teacher: I try my up most to talk to the teacher after the lesson to discuss the progress of pupils whom I’ve been working with. There are times when I have expressed a concern on the seating arrangement within the classroom and other behavioural matters that I have felt need to be addressed, the teacher has often given further direction in where they want me to support in the room. I’m always really keen to receive feedback from the teacher about how they felt I worked with the pupils, how I could improve my role within the lesson, sometimes I have been encouraged to work with groups of pupils, therefore I have gone away and looked into different ways of delivering certain tasks and how certain pupils work better together. I’m not always given the learning objective ahead, which I feel is really important to receive so I am prepared and feeling confident to discuss the topic amongst the pupils, therefore I often try to discuss the next lesson with the teacher in advance to ensure I have an overview. Line Manager: I have been lucky to have been observed within lessons by my line manager to receive direct feedback on how I can improve my practice within my role. I have received some constructive feedback and some very encouraging positive praise. I have asked about several training courses to develop my understanding in certain areas and started some of my own independent reading in behaviour. My line manager is always very open and approachable; she has given me ideas for specific year groups which have really helped within lessons. I am always asking to be involved in any extracurricular clubs and keen to learn from others whilst at work. What is meant be reflective practice? Reflective practice means when we think about what we are doing, how we are doing it and whether we could change or improve it. A time to reflect on our own development, evaluate our strengths and weaknesses and look into opportunities, ideas to encourage further development and gain confidence in our profession. What is meant by National Occupational standards? These are National standards that are based on the roles and responsibilities of support staff in schools. Together with the guidance, they enable staff to manage the different stages of support staff recruitment, development and progression more effectively. Functions and requirements of your role Give one example for each of the following areas of the job role, of how personal reflection has impacted on your own practice. Supporting learning: I have worked with a small group within year 8, the lesson has a mixed of abilities, I aim to get round each pupil to ensure there is an understanding on the task set. On reflection I felt their wasn’t enough time given to each child throughout the lesson, it was with this feeling I spoke to the teacher and suggested groups of four at a table, so they would be able to discuss the exercise as a group and then work independently. This would allow both the teacher and I to talk to the groups at one time and encourage involvement from all throughout the lesson rather than going round individually. This has worked really well, each table works really well together and in reflection to the previous set up it has also developed the pupils social and communication skills. Promoting positive behaviour In a year 9 lesson I have been supporting a student with his numeracy; the student is often distracted by other things going on in the classroom and struggles to focus. I felt I was continuously calling him to sit down or to stop talking. In reflection to this reoccurring I decided to challenge him in completing the task under a time limit, I bought in a stop watch and also did the task beside him to see who could complete it first. His reaction was incredible; he completed all the work and expressed a really positive reaction to these small challenges. In response to this I asked the teacher if I could make a note in his planner to record how well he had done, in addition to this note I made sure I gave the pupil lots of positive praise, he responded to these comments really well and have since continued the small timed challenges. Developing Positive relationships Recently a year 7 pupil had left their previous school due to bullying; this was one of the first things she said to me on working with her in a lesson. I noticed she had a lack of confidence in talking to people, firstly being new to the school and secondly probably anxious from her previous school experience. In reflection to this at the end of the lesson I ensured the teacher was aware and suggested pairing her up with another pupil. In response to this each week we did ‘turning tables’ so the person sat on the right would move one space back each week, so the pupils would always be sat with someone different. I also encouraged this pupil alongside others to attend a new after school sports club I have started running. The new student showed up for the club and has been attending since, she has made some great new friends and familiar with other year groups which has in turn increased her confidence and enjoyment at school. Contribute to planning assessment and feedback Every morning I spend 15mins with a year 9 pupil who has cerebral palsy. I have worked with his phyiso and parents to assess his needs and put together an exercise plan that I assist him with each day. I have a record sheet of what we do each day and how he did with each exercise, I regularly liaise with the physio on how he is getting on, sometimes the physio will give me additional exercises to include. There have been occasions where the pupil hasn’t felt like doing it. In response to it I sometimes give him the opportunity to challenge himself to walking to different areas within the school, he reacts really well to praise and involvements which is something I include in the feedback I give to his family and physio. I also keep my line manager up to date with the pupils development to ensure other assistants are aware of his level of independence in movement so it can be encouraged within lesson too. Communication Communication is a major asset in my role at school, I am continuously talking to teachers, IT support, external companies and parents. I have recently been reflecting a lot on my communication around the children out of lesson. I have a lunchtime duty on our playing fields. I have often found myself standing there with another member of staff, listening to one another’s ideas on what works with certain year groups, however in reflection this should be happening in a dedicated time not whilst I have a responsibility as lunchtime. Therefore I have started to make a bigger effort in communicating with the children, encouraging positive behaviour and social skills. Key skills There are various key skills that I feel I could improve in, sometimes in a lesson I am lacking equipment due to handing it out regularly. Therefor I feel I need to encourage organisation for the pupils to ensure they bring their own equipment. I often reflect on my time keeping, I feel there is a big rush between and end of a lesson and getting to my lunchtime duty before the students. Therefore this may be something I discuss with my line manager about leaving a couple of minutes earlier before lunchtime. I am always reflecting on my job role description to ensure I am fulfing all my responsibilities. 4. Identify possible development opportunities available to you. Remember to consider formal and informal opportunities. Give evidence from your own practice. I am often reflecting on my own development and always keen to progress in my own learning. I made the decision to take this course (Level 2 Supporting teaching and learning in Schools) to increase my knowledge in the position of a Teaching Assistant. I feel I have really benefited from this and it has inspired me to continue on to level 3. I have a strong interest in working with families therefore I may look into a course more directed to this. I have hired out books from our local library to read into behaviour and social skills, this is an area which I have been allocated to at school, which I am really pleased about but I would like to get a bigger understanding so I can plan activities and feel confident in delivering. I have recently been assisting a music intervention group with specific SEND students. This has been a great 6 week project; I have taken the time to write up a report each week of the activities set and the reactions of each pupil. I received some outstanding feedback from the company and have recently been asked to represent the project in an open evening for them. I would like to look into these small projects more to help the development of children’s learning through creative subjects In school, I feel that it is a great opportunity to be able to talk to other members of staff about techniques/ styles of delivery for specific year groups. Sometimes there are groups of students that I feel unfamiliar with, but since speaking to other members of staff, I feel prepared to enter the lesson with their experience in my mind. 5. Why is CPD important? It is important to keep up to date with professional development to ensure to u are confident and familiar with the constant changes within education. There are often developments within schools and it is our role to be ready to adapt to these changes and encourage pupils with these variations. Some courses that are available to assist our role open up areas of discussion that you may not get the time for within school. There are areas of my job description that I have strengths and weaknesses in, therefore CPD is important to develop my own skills, knowledge and experience in all fields. Starting a self-review 6. What aspects of your job/role satisfy you the most? The biggest satisfaction for me is the rewarding feeling you get from assisting the development of a student’s progress within a subject or to help improve their behaviour etc. I find my role very satisfying by promoting a positive amount of encouragement for the pupils to believe in themselves as individuals, to prepare them with life skills and gradually develop their self-esteem. I feel this is a huge stepping stone to building a successful future. I enjoy having a variety of responsibility within my role; I like working with different year groups and understanding the range of learning styles. I like to learn from others, I feel within the classroom environment there is so much to observe and learn. I love being part of a team but also to work independently and put forward my own ideas to develop the children’s learning. 7. What aspects of your job/role have not been successful as you anticipated? I sometimes feel there isn’t enough time to discuss things with teachers before or after a lesson. I feel this is an important link to feedback on the pupils learning. I would like to focus on this area and seeing if I can build a stronger relationship with the teachers to ensure I get the chance to evaluate after the lesson I am supporting in and to gain a stronger understanding beforehand to ensure I am ready to assist pupils with confidence in the subject. I’ve also been a little disappointed that I haven’t received an official appraisal since I started my role. I have had opportunities to talk to my line manager about various things, but there has never been an allocated time to give me the change to discuss my development which is equally as important to me. 8. Are there any areas of you work you would like to improve? (2.3b) In reflection of my work so far I am really pleased with my development but always feel I could improve. Firstly I feel that I would benefit from a deeper knowledge in some subjects. For example I am frequently in a Spanish lesson, however I never had the option at school to study this language therefore my Spanish skills are minimal! I would like to look into learning Spanish to help my involvement within lessons. I am keen to re take my core subjects or study at a basic level to refresh my understanding of these subjects; it’s been surprising how much I’ve forgotten. I would also like to dedicate more time into talking to the subject teacher before the lesson to feel confident with the learning objective. At the end of the lesson I would also like to feedback on the pupils participation and understanding of the lesson and discuss how to go forward with any areas of concern. Sometimes I feel it is difficult to keep up with each lesson as my timetable frequently changes and therefore I have limited time to gather information of lessons that I am going to last minute. As a result of the above I would like to improve in planning and organisation to help me progress with other staff and add to the success of the school at every angle. 9. Describe the main aspects of appraisal (2.5/2.6) – An appraisal includes a self-assessment before the meeting with your line manager, this is normally a questionnaire that you rate it on a scale of 1- 10 to analyse how strong you think you are in each section, then as a result these point are discussed in a face to face setting with the line manager. It is allocated time to discuss the progress of you work within the school and personal strengths and weaknesses. This is also an opportunity to discuss the prospect of professional development, short and long term goals. An appraisal is professional organised meeting to agree on actions for going forward in areas that could be improved. 10. What should a school consider when agreeing development plans? In agreeing a development plan, a school needs to consider the amount of funding available for their staff development. The school need to consider the cost of equipment, training and resources, which will support staff to develop and carry out their role to their full potential. As a result of development plans moving forward with staff, there may need to be an agreement in that the staff will need to have their job role updated to reflect their responsibilities. If it was agreed that I was going to attend an external training programme during school hours, this would need to be considered in how the school can cover this absence. In turn the agreement would be looking at how my development could benefit the school in helping in other areas and using the skills learnt within school going forward. 11. When setting and agreeing targets, what is meant by SMART? S – Specific – Making sure that your target states exactly what is needed. M- Measurable – To make sure that you can measure whether the target has been reached A – Achievable – The target needs to be accessible and not too hard to achieve. R- Realistic – It is important to make sure the relevant resources and equipment are available to reach the target set T- Time Bound – There should always be a time set for reaching the target. This is to prevent putting it off to a later date 12. Identify ways in which your own knowledge, understanding and skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT impact on practice. There are times within a lesson where students will ask me to read out a question or to explain a question they don’t understand, it is important that I have the confidence to read it out and deliver an answer accurately. A lot of lessons involve using computers to write up work on or to use specific programmes linked to the subject. I am often asked by the pupils for help in saving their work, spellings and understanding of certain programmes. Fortunately I have worked with computers in previous work therefore I am at a level where I can encourage their ICT knowledge which will be helpful for them in the future. During maths lessons, students are not always allowed to use a calculator and therefore they need to practice other methods. I have learnt several teaching methods from being in these maths lessons to pass on to other year groups, but I am still refreshing my own mind with numeracy. Sometimes it’s a positive that I don’t know the answer as I get the teacher to go through it with me and the pupil to highlight that they are not alone in not knowing it and it makes the teacher aware that pupils require further information on certain tasks. What opportunities are available to you to improve own knowledge, understanding and skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT (unit 210-6.2) Sometimes during inset days our department runs workshops that cover the core subjects to update us with the syllabus of work that the children will be aiming for. The levels are constantly changing and each student is aiming for specific target grades. Therefore we receive a copy of the levels to understand what level the students are at. I have recently asked for a username to the maths programme the pupils use within school and for set homework – this cover all areas of numeracy and is a great resource to keep on top of the work. 14. – Table = To be completed? Understand the work of the team 15. Why is team work important in schools? It is important to support others within school because as a result of developing good working relationships it makes our role more effective. Team work allows us to share and discuss your own ideas and listen to others. It’s an opportunity to develop in all areas listening to others strengths and suggestions that could strengthen the team as a whole not just individually. Team work is also important in that within school it is important that the staffs are using the same guidelines and rules to ensure that the children are receiving the same response from all staff. Offering advice to the pupils should be the same as the next member of staff asked. Team work in schools is so important to keep the pupils feeling safe and confident in their learning environment. Positive working relationships will be witnessed by the pupils and therefore encourage them to mirror this within their lessons. What is the purpose and objective of the team in which you work? Our objective is to identify the needs of students and works to the best of our ability to support them. Our team is in place to support individual students, groups of pupils and general support within class groups. Our team is in place to offer social, emotional, intellectual, physical support to every pupil. Some pupils have individual programmes and difficulties that require one to one support, however everyone is treated equally. Our purpose is to encourage the development of each pupil throughout this stage of their life within secondary school and to motivate them for a positive future. What is your role and responsibilities and those of others in the team? My role and for others in my team includes a variety of duties and responsibilities within the school. On a daily basis we are to ensure we are aware of the needs of the children we are directly supporting and other pupils within a lesson, break and lunchtimes within school. During a lesson we need to be confident in supporting the teacher with each task set and encourage good behaviour and positive learning within the room. It is my responsibility to keep the students on track with their work and not to complete it for them. It is important at the beginning of the lesson to ensure the children have their equipment, books and planners out on the desk and bags under the table to be ready for the teacher to deliver the lesson. It our responsibility as a team to support the teacher in each exercise set for the pupils, liaising throughout the lesson with the progress or concernswithin the class. I also ensure I speak with the teacher about rewarding the students if they have responded well in completing the task or improved a skill that they have been struggling with. During break and lunch times each person within our team has an allocated area to supervise. We are responsible for ensuring that the pupils are behaving and engaging positively with others. If there is a problem within a break time we are linked up to the rest of our team and a support team to have immediate support in a situation. I am responsible for supporting individual programmes of physical stretching exercises which are in place by the statutory statement of Educational Need and consultation with parents and the physiotherapy team. I have a responsibility to complete an evaluation form each day which is a written up overview to record the support given in each lesson. I continuously liaise with the team and my management to ensure I am moving forward and progressing with the school in the right directio n. Why is it important to respect the skills and expertise of other practitioners? It is important to respect the skills and expertise of other staff as different staff bring different skills to the team. I would always seek advice from others when needed in order that the students are getting the best that the school can offer them. This can also help me develop in my role. Other people may have different skills, training and experience thatmay be able to help me on matters I am unsure about